Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
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Current Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines recommend avoiding hypoxemia after severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Yet, recent studies on optimum admission oxygenation and ventilation parameters associated with discharge survival in pediatric TBI are lacking. ⋯ Discharge survival after severe pediatric TBI was associated with admission PaO2 301-500 mmHg and PaCO2 = 36-45 mmHg. Admission hypocarbia and hypercarbia were each associated with increased discharge mortality.
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Aplasia cutis is a rare developmental anomaly usually involving the calvarium, associated with a variable extent of defective formation of the scalp. Adams-Oliver syndrome is a condition mainly characterized by the congenital absence of skin, known as "aplasia cutis" which is usually limited to the vertex scalp and transverse limb defects. ⋯ Aplasia cutis is a rare developmental anomaly usually involving the calvarium, associated with defective formation of the scalp to a varying extent and severity, requiring various timely strategies.
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The need for a surgical biopsy for diffuse pontine glioma (DPG) is increasing, and a safer and less invasive procedure is required. ⋯ Transcerebellar stereotactic biopsy is a relatively safe way to obtain a tissue diagnosis for children with DPG.
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Experimental studies and clinical trials designed to help patients recover from various brain injuries, such as stroke or trauma, have been attempted. Rehabilitation has shown reliable, positive clinical outcome in patients with various brain injuries. Transplantation of exogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) to repair the injured brain is a potential tool to help patient recovery. ⋯ A combination of rehabilitation and NSC transplantation appears to induce treatment outcomes that are similar to rehabilitation alone. Further studies are needed to evaluate the electrophysiological outcome of recovery and the possible effect of prolonging endogenous NSC proliferation in response to NSC transplantation and rehabilitation.
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We report a rare case of hydrocephalus following aqueductal stenosis caused by developmental venous anomaly (DVA). ⋯ Although aqueductal stenosis caused by DVA is rare, it is important to be considered in the differential diagnosis of hydrocephalus. Three-dimensional reconstruction and fusion images are very useful.