Neonatal network : NN
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Endotracheal intubation, a common procedure in neonatal intensive care, results in distress and disturbs physiologic homeostasis in the newborn. Analgesics, sedatives, vagolytics, and/or muscle relaxants have the potential to blunt these adverse effects, reduce the duration of the procedure, and minimize the number of attempts necessary to intubate the neonate. The medical care team must understand efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic data for individual medications to select the optimal cocktail for each clinical situation. ⋯ A muscle relaxant improves procedural success when utilized by experienced practitioners; succinylcholine has an optimal pharmacokinetic profile, but potentially concerning adverse effects; rocuronium may be the agent of choice based on more robust safety data despite a relatively prolonged duration of action. In the absence of an absolute contraindication, neonates should receive analgesia with consideration of sedation, a vagolytic, and a muscle relaxant before endotracheal intubation. Neonatal units must develop protocols for premedication and optimize logistics to ensure safe and timely administration of appropriate agents.
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Neonatal network : NN · Jul 2018
Lung Ultrasound as a New Technique for Diagnosis of Neonatal Respiratory Diseases.
Point-of-care ultrasound in the NICU is becoming more commonplace and is now used for a number of indications. Over the past ten years, the use of ultrasound as an alternative to a chest x-ray for the diagnosis of neonatal lung disease has been explored, and protocols were developed to refine the interpretation of ultrasound images in neonatal lung disease. The purpose of this column is to briefly explain the physics of ultrasound and describe the application of ultrasound to neonatal lung assessment.
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Neonatal network : NN · Nov 2017
Case ReportsAtypical Presentation of Infantile Hepatic Hemangioma: A Case Study.
Infantile hepatic hemangioma (IHH) is the most common benign hepatic tumor of infancy. It is characterized by rapid proliferation in the first year of life, followed by slow involution during childhood. ⋯ The purpose of this article is to review the case of an infant with an atypical presentation of IHH. It also addresses pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and multidisciplinary team care.
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Neonatal network : NN · Nov 2017
ReviewProcalcitonin and Neonatal Sepsis: Is This the Biomarker We Are Looking For?
Researchers estimate the incidence of early onset sepsis as 0.77-1/1,000 live births. It remains as one of the leading causes of neonatal deaths. ⋯ Clinicians frequently trend C-reactive protein levels during evaluation for neonatal sepsis. Recently, researchers have begun to explore procalcitonin as a potentially useful diagnostic marker for neonatal sepsis.
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Neonatal network : NN · Mar 2017
ReviewLaboratory Evaluation of Infants with Possible Congenital Zika Virus Infection.
Our understanding of the effects of maternal Zika virus infection on the newborn continues to evolve. First discovered in 1947 in the Zika Forest in Uganda, the world became more aware of the virus in 2015, with reports of hundreds of cases of microcephaly in Brazilian newborns whose mothers reported symptoms related to Zika viral infection during pregnancy. This article reviews the current guidelines for laboratory evaluation of newborns with possible congenital Zika virus infection.