Bone
-
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) allows clinically relevant measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) at central and appendicular skeletal sites, but DXA has a limited ability to assess bone geometry and cannot distinguish between the cortical and trabecular bone compartments. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) can supplement DXA by enabling geometric and compartmental bone assessments. Whole-body spiral CT scanners are widely available and require only seconds per scan, in contrast to peripheral QCT scanners, which have restricted availability, limited spatial resolution, and require several minutes of scanning time. This study evaluated the accuracy and precision of whole-body spiral CT scanners for quantitatively assessing the distal radius, a common site of non-vertebral osteoporosis-related fractures, and compared the CT-measured densitometric values with those obtained from dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry. ⋯ Whole-body spiral CT scanners allow densitometric evaluations of the distal radius with good accuracy and very good precision. This original and convenient method provides a tool to further investigate cortical and trabecular bone variables in the peripheral skeleton in osteoporotic patients. These assessments, coupled with evaluation of the effects on cortical and trabecular bone measured in response to therapies for osteoporosis, may advance our understanding of the contributors to non-vertebral fracture occurrence.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Early diet and peak bone mass: 20 year follow-up of a randomized trial of early diet in infants born preterm.
Preterm infants are at risk of metabolic bone disease due to inadequate mineral intake with unknown consequences for later bone health. ⋯ Infant dietary randomization group did not affect peak bone mass or turnover suggesting the observed reduced final height and LS bone mass, most marked in growth restricted subjects with the lowest birthweight, may not be related to sub-optimal early nutrition. The higher WB bone mass associated with human milk intake, despite its low nutrient content, may reflect non-nutritive factors in breast milk. These findings may have implications for later osteoporosis risk and require further investigation.