Seminars in ultrasound, CT, and MR
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Ocular neoplasms, both primary and metastatic, may present with visual disturbance or vision loss and often are asymptomatic. Clinical ophthalmologic examination may demonstrate leukocoria, abnormal pupillary light reflex, or a mass lesion with or without retinal detachment or hemorrhage. ⋯ Familiarity with their common imaging appearances, the common patterns of spread, and the diagnostic findings of greatest concern to the ocular oncologist will enhance accuracy of imaging interpretation. Clinical ophthalmologic examination and imaging using B-scan ultrasound, A-scan ultrasound, fluorescein angiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have complementary roles in ocular tumor staging and treatment assessment.
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In the United States, it is estimated that 3% of all emergency room visits are the result of eye injury, with many seen in combination with other orbital injuries. These often result from motor vehicle accidents and sports-related injuries. ⋯ Imaging, in combination with the ophthalmologic examination, can be a powerful tool in the evaluation of traumatic injury to the globe. We review the roles of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound in the evaluation of these patients and illustrate common and uncommon traumatic ocular pathology.