Seminars in ultrasound, CT, and MR
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Sarcomas are the most common nonhematologic primary malignancies of bones in the pelvis. Chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma are the most common sarcomas to originate from the pelvic bones. ⋯ Despite considerable advances in treatment options, sarcomas in the pelvic bones generally are associated with poorer outcomes than sarcomas in the appendicular skeleton because of the larger size of the lesions at the time of discovery and the difficulty of obtaining a wide surgical resection margin. In this review, we discuss the various types of pelvic bone sarcomas and the role of imaging in patients with these lesions.
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Semin. Ultrasound CT MR · Aug 2011
ReviewMagnetic resonance imaging and breast ultrasonography as an adjunct to mammographic screening in high-risk patients.
Screening mammography remains the standard of care for breast cancer screening of the general population and is likely to remain so in the foreseeable future. We discuss the current role of breast ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in screening for breast cancer in the high-risk population. Breast ultrasound finds small cancers not seen on mammography particularly in women with dense breasts. Breast MRI has sensitivity significantly higher than that of mammography, breast ultrasound, or a combination of mammography and breast ultrasound.
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Semin. Ultrasound CT MR · Aug 2011
ReviewScreening and diagnosis of breast cancer in low-resource countries: what is state of the art?
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide; there has been a significant increase in the incidence of breast cancer in low-resource countries, with a disproportionately greater mortality rate compared to high-resource countries attributed to a lack of public awareness of the disease, absence of organized screening programs, and lack of accessible and effective treatment options. Mammography is not a cost-effective or a feasible option for screening and early detection of breast cancer in low-resource countries. A triple test assessment approach of screening clinical breast examination, diagnostic breast ultrasound, and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology may be a feasible option for the early detection of breast cancer.
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Muscle injury is one of the most common sports-related injuries. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most useful imaging techniques for assessing muscle injuries. Ultrasound generates images of a greater spatial resolution than MRI; it allows real-time functional and dynamic assessment of muscles and tendons. ⋯ Conversely, its soft-tissue contrast is not as good as MRI. Muscle injuries are conventionally separated into acute and chronic. This article reviews the spectrum of muscle injury and highlights the role ultrasound plays in providing specific diagnostic and therapeutic answers.
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Ocular neoplasms, both primary and metastatic, may present with visual disturbance or vision loss and often are asymptomatic. Clinical ophthalmologic examination may demonstrate leukocoria, abnormal pupillary light reflex, or a mass lesion with or without retinal detachment or hemorrhage. ⋯ Familiarity with their common imaging appearances, the common patterns of spread, and the diagnostic findings of greatest concern to the ocular oncologist will enhance accuracy of imaging interpretation. Clinical ophthalmologic examination and imaging using B-scan ultrasound, A-scan ultrasound, fluorescein angiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have complementary roles in ocular tumor staging and treatment assessment.