Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association
-
Comparative Study
Incidence and risk factors for graft rupture and contralateral rupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
The aim of this study was to determine the rates of contralateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and of ACL graft rupture after ACL reconstruction using either patellar tendon or hamstring tendon autograft, and to identify any patient characteristics that may increase this risk. ⋯ Level IV, case series.
-
The aim of the study was to assess the outcome and risk factors after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in a large group of patients. ⋯ Level IV, case series.
-
The suprascapular nerve (SSN) originates from the C5 and C6 nerve roots and provides sensation for the posterior shoulder capsule, acromioclavicular joint, subacromial bursa, and coracoclavicular ligament. Blocking it provides pre-emptive anesthesia, decreased intraoperative pain, and postoperative pain relief in shoulder arthroscopy. Under general anesthesia, 25 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine is injected by a spinal needle placed 1 cm medial to the convergence of the spine and clavicle, angling toward the coracoid. ⋯ At this point, the anesthetic is injected, "flooding" the SSN location. In addition to the SSN block, other pain-control procedures should be performed, including bupivacaine injection of all portals and an intra-articular injection of morphine sulfate at the end of the procedure. The SSN block is an effective technique and can reduce postoperative medication needs and allow earlier patient discharge from the surgery center.