Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society
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J Clin Neurophysiol · Mar 1995
Arousal fluctuations in non-rapid eye movement parasomnias: the role of cyclic alternating pattern as a measure of sleep instability.
Some non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnias, such as sleep-walking (SW), sleep terror (ST) and, in some aspects, sleep enuresis (SE), are considered "arousal disorders" without significant polysomnographic changes in classic sleep macrostructure. The aim of our study was to evaluate sleep microstructure and oscillations of arousal level by cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) scoring in some NREM parasomnias. ⋯ Compared with the controls, our patients' sleep microstructure, scored by CAP analysis, showed increases in CAP rate (a measure of NREM instability with high level of arousal oscillation), in number of the CAP cycles, and in arousals with EEG synchronization, the increases being more significant in Group A than in Group B. An increase in sleep instability and in arousal oscillation seems to be a typical microstructural feature of delta sleep-related parasomnias and probably plays a role in triggering abnormal motor episodes during sleep in these patients.
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J Clin Neurophysiol · Mar 1995
Auditory evoked responses in children during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass: report of cases.
Variations in core temperature and cerebral blood flow during open heart surgery may affect auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and middle latency responses (MLRs) in both adults and children. We documented the changes in ABRs of two infants (ages 3 and 11 weeks, respectively) with variations in core temperature during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and total circulatory arrest and compared them with those of a 19-year-old adult. Changes in MLRs that occurred in association with reductions in cerebral blood flow as monitored by transcranial Doppler are also reported in a 6-year-old child. ⋯ MLR amplitudes were transiently reduced during periods of normothermic hypoperfusion. Hypothermia partially prevented these changes, and normoperfusion after rewarming recovered MLRs. Monitoring ABRs and MLRs may be a useful technique for assessment of brain function during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in children and infants.