Anaesthesia and intensive care
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Mar 2014
ReviewCopper removal strategies for Wilson's disease crisis in the ICU.
Wilson's disease is a rare, inherited, autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism which leads to an accumulation of copper in body tissues. If a patient develops a Wilson's crisis, mortality can approach 100%. The treatment of such patients is mostly organ support but a possible treatment goal is to try to rapidly remove copper from their system. ⋯ We found 11 case reports where therapeutic plasma exchange was used and six case reports where various forms of albumin dialysis were used as techniques for rapidly reducing serum copper levels. To date, the case reports are encouraging that therapeutic plasma exchange and albumin dialysis can either delay or prevent the need for liver transplantation in patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to Wilson's disease. However, these case reports are mainly in the paediatric or young adult population, thus further studies in adults are warranted.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Mar 2014
Estimation of glomerular filtration rate to adjust vancomycin dosage in critically ill patients: superiority of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation?
The purpose of this study was to determine the best estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to adjust vancomycin (VAN) dosage in critically ill patients. Seventy-eight adult intensive care unit patients received a 15 mg/kg loading dose of VAN plus a 30 mg/kg/day continuous infusion. Steady-state concentration was measured 48 hours later and the dose was adjusted to obtain a target concentration ranging from 20 to 25 mg/l. ⋯ For VAN dose adjustments in intensive care unit patients, Cockcroft formula and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease should be used with caution. In clinical practice, the physician does not have at their disposal the patient's measured CLCR when prescribing. The CKD-EPI appears to be the best predictor of clearances of vancomycin for calculation of a therapeutic VAN regimen.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Mar 2014
Comparative StudyComparison of a Trigger Tool and voluntary reporting to identify adverse events in a paediatric intensive care unit.
Reduction of adverse events depends on accurate detection. The utility of a Trigger Tool to detect and classify severity of adverse events in an intensive care unit of a paediatric university hospital was compared to voluntary reporting. Sixty patient records were randomly selected from 314 admissions over three months. ⋯ Of the 56 events rated similarly by both investigators, 13 (23%) were insignificant, 19 (34%) were minor, 17 (30%) were moderate, 4 (7%) were major and 3 (6%) were catastrophic. Only four adverse events had been reported voluntarily, of which two were detected using the Trigger Tool. Whereas the Trigger Tool is a simple, efficient and robust method, voluntary reporting is inadequate and captures very few adverse events in the intensive care unit environment.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Mar 2014
Case ReportsManagement of severe hypercapnia post cardiac arrest with extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal.
Normocapnia is recommended in intensive care management of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. While normocapnia is usually achievable, it may be therapeutically challenging, particularly in patients with airflow obstruction. ⋯ These are simpler and less invasive than conventional extracorporeal devices. We report the first case of using a novel, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal device in Australia on a patient with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest where mechanical ventilation failed to achieve normocapnia.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Mar 2014
Letter Case ReportsTracheal tube compression in an obese patient.