The Clinical journal of pain
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This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of psychological interventions for reducing vaccination pain and related outcomes in children and adolescents. ⋯ Psychological interventions with some evidence of benefit in children include: verbal distraction, video distraction, music distraction, and breathing with a toy.
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Individuals with low back pain (LBP) present with alterations or limitations of spinal mobility. The identification of simple clinical methods for evaluating functional movement of the spine is necessary to allow quantification of the degree of movement impairment and permit monitoring of patient improvement with rehabilitation. This study evaluated movement of the spine in 20 patients with chronic nonspecific LBP compared with 19 pain-free participants using a novel measurement device that permits the dynamic assessment of spinal movement in a rapid and subject-specific manner. ⋯ This study provide support for the utility of this device for quantifying movement impairments in individuals with fairly low levels of LBP and general functional limitations. The results show that velocity measurements rather than ROM show the greatest differences in individuals with LBP compared with asymptomatic participants. Impaired lumbar and pelvis movement was correlated to the individuals with LBP's degree of anxiety, fear, and catastrophizing.
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Review Meta Analysis
Pharmacological and Combined Interventions to Reduce Vaccine Injection Pain in Children and Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
This systematic review assessed the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy and combined interventions for reducing vaccine injection pain in individuals across the lifespan. ⋯ Breastfeeding, topical anesthetics, sweet-tasting solutions, and combination of topical anesthetics and breastfeeding demonstrated evidence of benefit for reducing vaccine injection pain in infants and children. In adults, limited data demonstrate some benefit of topical anesthetics and vapocoolants.