The Clinical journal of pain
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of Nalbuphine as an Adjuvant to Ropivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Block - A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.
A brachial plexus block (BPB) provides anesthesia and analgesia with limited duration. Various opioids have been used as adjuvants of local anesthetics to improve the effects. ⋯ Nalbuphine is an effective adjuvant to 0.5% ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular BPB. The dosage of 10 mg improves the quality of the anesthesia with less incidence of side effects.
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Cervical mobilization and manipulation are 2 therapies commonly used for chronic neck pain (CNP). However, safety, especially of cervical manipulation, is controversial. This study identifies the clinical scenarios for which an expert panel rated cervical mobilization and manipulation as appropriate and inappropriate. ⋯ Clinical guidelines for CNP should include information on the clinical scenarios for which cervical mobilization and manipulation were found inappropriate, including those with red flags, and others involving major neurological findings if previous manual therapy was unfavorable.
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Occipital nerve block (ONB) is an effective procedure for treating occipital headache pain. However, traditional suboccipital approaches to ONB remain underutilized in acute and chronic settings. An alternative location for ONB is the superior nuchal line, where anatomic studies show a reliable relationship between the occipital artery (OA) and greater occipital nerve. This study evaluated the efficacy and validity of an alternative, single skin insertion, paresthesia-based approach to block both the greater and lesser occipital nerve. ⋯ The results suggest that this alternative approach to ONB effectively reduces occipital headache pain and reliably predicts OA pulse and related greater occipital nerve location as confirmed by paresthesia.
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Pain disorders tend to run in families, and children of individuals with chronic pain have been found to report lower functioning. Drawing upon a social learning perspective, the current study examined how diverse maternal pain coping responses (ie, pain catastrophizing and distraction) may, via corresponding child pain coping responses, act as a vulnerability or protective factor for child functioning in the context of parental chronic pain (CP). ⋯ The current findings demonstrated that child functioning was associated with maternal and child pain catastrophizing, but only in children of mothers without CP. No evidence was found in support of maternal pain coping responses as vulnerability or protective factors in the context of parental CP.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is known to be a slowly progressive disease that alters all tissue compartments of the joint involved with a characteristic degradation of the cartilage, bone remodeling, and inflammation. One of the prominent symptoms in OA patients is pain, but a few radiologic, inflammatory, or structurally related biomarkers have shown few if any associations with pain. This study aimed to assess serum levels of 92 markers involved in inflammatory pathways in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and evaluate their possible associations with the clinical pain intensity. ⋯ The associations between specific cytokines and KOA pain intensities provide new insights into the understanding of the underlying factors driving the pain in OA.