The Clinical journal of pain
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Multicenter Study
A multi-institutional study analyzing effect of prophylactic medication for prevention of opioid-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic treatment with laxatives and antiemetics on the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions such as constipation, nausea and vomiting in cancer patients who received oral opioid analgesics for the first time. ⋯ We showed evidence for the effectiveness of premedication with laxatives for prevention of opioid-induced constipation. However, premedication with dopamine D2 blockers was not sufficient to prevent nausea or vomiting.
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Affect is neurobiologically based, influences emotions, contributes to temperamental characteristics, and can be evaluated from both state and trait perspectives. Associations between state-related positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and chronic pain have been investigated. However, little is known about the relationship between trait affect patterns and pain-related experiences. Affect balance style (ABS) provides a framework to assess the combined contribution of trait PA and NA. Psychological factors and experimental pain sensitivity are indicated as predictors of chronic pain onset. The current study investigated the relationship between ABS, pain sensitivity, and pain-related measures in healthy adults. ⋯ Findings from the study suggest that among healthy adults, trait affect patterns are associated with ischemic experimental pain sensitivity and other pain-related measures.
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A prospective follow-up study of patients with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for single-level cervical disc disease was conducted to determine the extent of impact of pain, sensory function, motor function, and range of motion (ROM) of the neck on patient satisfaction after ACDF. ⋯ Improvement in pain seemed to be most important aspect in ACDF patients regarding the subjective SQ. Therefore, we strongly recommend focusing on pain-reducing therapies when choosing treatment for these patients during the postoperative period.
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We propose a theoretical framework for the behavioral modulation of pain based on constructivism, positing that task engagement, such as listening for errors in a musical passage, can establish a construction of reality that effectively replaces pain as a competing construction. Graded engagement produces graded reductions in pain as indicated by reduced psychophysiological arousal and subjective pain report. ⋯ Engaging activities may prevent pain by creating competing constructions of reality that draw on the same processing resources as pain. Better understanding of these processes will advance the development of more effective pain modulation through improved manipulation of engagement strategies.
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Isolated proximal-without-distal (buttock but not calf) exercise-related lower-limb ischemia (IPI) might develop in the presence of arterial lesions impairing the blood flow supply toward the hypogastric vascular bed. In IPI, lower-limb sensory nerve dysfunction might occur from the sacral nerve plexus becoming ischemic during exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare patients with IPI with healthy controls for the presence of sensory nerve dysfunction, as assessed using somatosensory testing (SST). ⋯ The SST data suggest that patients with IPI have abnormal functioning of Aβ-fiber and C-fiber inputs in their affected limb(s). These sensory abnormalities might contribute to the exercise-induced ischemic symptoms experienced by these patients.