The Clinical journal of pain
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The aim of the current study was to examine the relation between catastrophizing and pain intensity, pain-related disability, and psychological distress in a group of patients with chronic pain, controlling for the level of physical impairment. Furthermore, it was examined whether these relations are the same for three subgroups of chronic pain patients: those with chronic low back pain, those with chronic musculoskeletal pain other than low back pain, and those with miscellaneous chronic pain complaints, low back pain and musculoskeletal pain excluded. ⋯ It was concluded that for different subgroups of chronic pain patients, catastrophizing plays a crucial role in the chronic pain experience, significantly contributing to the variance of pain intensity, pain-related disability, and psychological distress. These relations are not confounded by the level of physical impairment. Some clinical implications of the results are discussed. Finally, the authors concluded that these results support the validity of a cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of chronic pain-related disability.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Facial expression of children receiving immunizations: a principal components analysis of the child facial coding system.
To identify the structure of facial reaction to procedural pain and to determine the subset of facial actions that best describe the response. ⋯ These results provide a preliminary indication that the Child Facial Coding System can be reduced to components that reflect several aspects of children's acute pain experience and predict self-reports and observer reports of children's pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics reduces pain during intravenous catheter insertion in the pediatric patient.
The objective of this study was to explore the relation between the application of a mixture of lidocaine/prilocaine cream (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics [EMLA]) before intravenous cannula insertion and perceived pain in the pediatric patient. ⋯ The authors conclude that a topical preparation of lidocaine/prilocaine significantly reduces children's pain during intravenous cannula insertion when applied to an intact dermal layer of the skin and that this effect occurs within 45 minutes.
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Multicenter Study
Surgical patients' fear of addiction to pain medication: the effect of an educational program for clinicians.
The appropriate and optimal use of analgesics is essential for the adequate management of postoperative pain. Concern that use of opioid analgesics contributes to the development of addiction is a barrier to effective pain relief. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of fear of addiction in postoperative patients in relation to surgical outcomes and staff participation in an educational program. ⋯ Fear of addiction is not prevalent among postoperative patients, yet clinician education can further decrease the proportion of surgical patients who fear of addiction to pain medication.
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The objectives of this study were to use a self-report pain scale to examine child pain treatment thresholds after major surgery (i.e., the level of pain they are comfortable with before requiring analgesia), as well as to examine agreement between mother-, nurse-, and child-rated pain treatment thresholds. ⋯ Pain treatment thresholds seem to be lower in children after major as compared with minor surgery. Parents and nurses are not accurate in rating child pain treatment thresholds. Parents tended to overestimate their child's pain treatment threshold, whereas nurses were less consistent in their scoring.