The Clinical journal of pain
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
The Effect of Epidural Nalbuphine Combined with Ropivacaine on Epidural Analgesia During Labor-- A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study.
The addition of a small dose of opioids during epidural labor analgesia can enhance the local analgesic effect, reduce the dose of local anaesthetic required, and minimize motor blockade. For the treatment of visceral pain, studies have shown that κ-opioid receptor agonist are more effective than μ-receptor agonists. This study compared the effectiveness of epidural nalbuphine and sufentanil in combination with ropivacaine for labor analgesia, respectively. ⋯ The analgesia effects of 0.3 mg/mL nalbuphine with ropivacaine are inferior to 0.3 μg/mL sufentanil with ropivacaine in labor analgesia. No serious side effects, either in the mother or in the fetus, were observed.
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Meta Analysis
The Effect of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation to Reduce Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
We conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis to evaluate noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) efficacy to alleviate pain and improve disability in low back pain (LBP). ⋯ There is very low-quality evidence suggesting that a single NIBS session reduces LBP intensity. In contrast, there is moderate quality evidence that repeated NIBS sessions or combination with cointervention did not improve pain or disability. Thus, current results do not support NIBS use to treat chronic LBP. Considering that tDCS was tested in 8 of 12 studies with little success, studies focusing on different NIBS techniques or innovative parameters are required to determine their potential to improve pain and disability in chronic LBP.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Exploration and Validation of the Behavioural Pain Measures and Physiological Pain Measures Factor Structure Extracted from the Pain Assessment Tool Item Scores for Infants Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care.
The objective of the study was to explore and then validate the factor structure of the Pain Assessment Tool (PAT). ⋯ The PAT assesses both Behavioral Pain and Physiological Pain Measures, and these dimensions need to be considered separately when assessing pain in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Behavioral item scores may be insufficient for detecting pain in premature infants if used alone.
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The objective of this study was to systematically locate, critically appraise, and summarize clinical measurement research addressing the use of Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) and Revised Short McGill Pain Questionnaire Version-2 (SF-MPQ-2) in pain-related musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. ⋯ Evidence of high-to-moderate quality supports the internal consistency, criterion-convergent validity, structural validity, and responsiveness of the BPI-SF and SF-MPQ-2 and establishes their use as generic multidimensional pain outcomes in MSK populations. However, more studies of high quality are still needed on their retest reliability, known-group validity, cross-cultural validity, interpretability properties, and measurement error indices in different MSK populations.
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Intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) programs have been shown to restore function, improve coping, and reduce pain in adolescents with chronic pain. Yet, little is known about patients' sleep during IIPT and whether or not improvements in pain treatment outcomes are associated with changes in sleep pre-to-post IIPT treatment. The objectives of the current study were to describe sleep among adolescents entering IIPT and examine associations between sleep parameters and IIPT treatment effects. ⋯ Taken together, results suggest that sleep may be associated with IIPT treatment effects and pave the way for future research to continue examining these relationships.