Pediatric emergency care
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We undertook a prospective study of 377 children (two to 16 years old) presenting with abdominal pain to determine: 1) common discharge diagnoses; 2) what signs and symptoms are associated with appendicitis; and 3) follow-up of patients discharged from the emergency department (ED). Nine diagnoses accounted for 86% of all diagnoses made. The most common final diagnosis was "abdominal pain" (36%). ⋯ Of the patients contacted within one week of the visit (237), 75% reported that the pain had resolved (mean contact time, 2.6 days). We conclude that 1) patients presenting to the ED with abdominal pain often leave with the diagnosis of abdominal pain; 2) of the patients contacted, the majority reported that their pain has resolved; and 3) a diagnosis of appendicitis should be considered in any patient with any two of the following signs or symptoms: vomiting, guarding, tenderness, or RLQ pain. Such patients should be evaluated and observed carefully for the possible diagnosis of appendicitis.
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Pediatric emergency care · Jun 1992
Case ReportsAn unsuspected alkaline battery foreign body presenting as malignant otitis externa.
We describe a case of an unsuspected button battery foreign body in the ear canal causing symptoms that mimic malignant otitis externa in a previously healthy 13 year old. Button batteries in the ear canal may cause extensive liquefactive necrosis of the surrounding tissue by leaking an alkaline electrolyte solution. Suspicion of a foreign body should be maintained in any child presenting with a complicated otitis externa. Prompt evaluation and removal of button batteries are necessary to prevent tissue destruction.
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The potential causes of excessive, prolonged crying in early infancy represent a broad range of conditions. The underlying etiology causing an acute episode of crying may not be recognized in a single emergency department encounter. An adverse outcome may result when an infant with unexplained crying is discharged with a diagnosis of colic.
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Pediatric emergency care · Jun 1992
Comparative StudyHigh-flow sheaths for pediatric fluid resuscitation: a comparison of flow rates with standard pediatric catheters.
We evaluated high-flow intravenous devices designed specifically for fluid resuscitation of infants and children. Fluid flow rates with 4-, 5-, and 6-Fr high-flow sheaths and 18-, 20-, and 22-gauge catheters were measured and compared. Flow rate is significantly faster with the 4-Fr sheath (P less than 0.0001) than with the 18-, 20-, or 22-gauge catheter. The high flow rates possible with the sheaths make them ideal for use in patients who require rapid fluid resuscitation.