European journal of epidemiology
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There is strong evidence from observational studies suggesting serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. However, less is known about whether there are differences in the association of CRP with all-cause or cause specific mortality by sex, smoking, body mass index (BMI), or physical activity. We aimed to investigate these interactions and also investigate and compare the association of CRP and other inflammation markers (i.e., fibrinogen and leukocyte count) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. ⋯ The association persisted in never smokers and did not vary by levels of BMI or physical activity. Although fibrinogen and leukocyte count were also positively associated with mortality risk, only CRP remained a significant predictor of mortality when the inflammation markers were adjusted for one another in multivariable models. Serum CRP levels were a long-term predictor of risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality independent of known risk factors, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count.
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Although vaccines against influenza can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, large-scale data on adverse effects in the offspring are scarce. Historical cohort study in Stockholm County, Sweden. We linked H1N1 vaccination data (Pandemrix(®), a mono-valent AS03 adjuvanted H1N1 vaccine) with pregnancy and birth data from 21,087 women with singleton offspring conceived between February 2009 and January 2010 (vaccinated during pregnancy: n = 13,297 vs. unvaccinated: n = 7,790). ⋯ Compared with infants of non-vaccinated women, infants of vaccinated women had similar adjusted ORs (95 % CI) for LBW (0.91; 0.79-1.04), preterm birth (0.99; 0.89-1.10), SGA (0.97; 0.90-1.05), low Apgar score (1.05, 0.84-1.31), and a marginal risk reduction for caesarean section (0.94, 0.89-0.99). H1N1 vaccination during pregnancy, using an AS03-adjuvanted vaccine, does not appear to adversely influence offspring risks of LBW, preterm birth, SGA, or low Apgar score. Our results suggest that this vaccine is safe for the offspring when used in different stages of pregnancy.