Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · Oct 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialIntranasal anesthetic effects of lidocaine and tetracaine compared.
The quality of nasal anesthesia obtained with two local anesthetic solutions (2% lidocaine in oxymetazoline and 1% tetracaine in oxymetazoline) was evaluated in this double-blind, randomized study. Each local anesthetic mixture was applied to the nasal septum of healthy volunteers with medication-soaked pledgets. Measurements of anesthetic effect (sensation threshold and pain perception) were made with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments (North Coast Medical, San Jose, Calif.). ⋯ Subjects had greater increases in sensation threshold with tetracaine than with lidocaine at both 10 and 70 minutes (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Subjects had greater decreases in pain perception with tetracaine than with lidocaine at both time intervals (p = 0.0003 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Tetracaine mixed with oxymetazoline appears to be a superior topical anesthetic for nasal procedures.
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Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · Oct 1995
Case ReportsTraumatic retropharyngeal hematoma: a case report.
We describe a case of retropharyngeal hematoma after a cervical hyperextension injury in an elderly man. Progressive hoarseness, dysphagia, and dyspnea were the early signs that necessitated oral endotracheal intubation and, ultimately, tracheostomy. The hematoma was explored and drained through a lateral cervical approach, and a bleeding vessel in a small tear in the anterior spinous ligament was noted and cauterized. The patient recovered uneventfully.
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Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · Oct 1995
Transoral-transpharyngeal approach to the craniocervical junction.
The transoral-transpharyngeal approach is a reliable and technically sound method for gaining anterior extradural exposure to the craniocervical junction. We report 23 patients undergoing this approach for pathology lying between the inferior clivus and third cervical vertebra. Pathology included 6 patients with congenital malformations of the odontoid process, 4 patients with basilar invagination caused by rheumatoid arthritis, 2 patients with atlantoaxial subluxation caused by Down's syndrome, and 1 each with Chiari I malformation, pseudogout of C1/C2, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, and chronic dens dislocation caused by trauma. ⋯ No deaths, local infections, or postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks occurred. Neurologic symptoms of cord compression improved or stabilized in all patients. The transoral-transpharyngeal approach is an effective means for extradural decompression of the anterior craniocervical junction and for exposure of selected tumors at this site.