Pediatric neurology
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Osmotic demyelination syndrome is an acute demyelination process that usually occurs several days following an osmotic stress. This syndrome is rare in adults (0.4% to 0.56%) and even more uncommon in children. We performed a review of all reported pediatric osmotic demyelination syndrome patients from 1960 to 2018. ⋯ Sixty percent of the children had a complete neurological recovery. Current management of osmotic demyelination syndrome in children consists of supportive medical care, steroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin. Our review of the literature supports the hypothesis that steroids and immunoglobulins are potentially helpful, although additional controlled studies are needed.