Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of anger awareness and expression training versus relaxation training on headaches: a randomized trial.
Stress contributes to headaches, and effective interventions for headaches routinely include relaxation training (RT) to directly reduce negative emotions and arousal. Yet, suppressing negative emotions, particularly anger, appears to augment pain, and experimental studies suggest that expressing anger may reduce pain. Therefore, we developed and tested anger awareness and expression training (AAET) on people with headaches. ⋯ Enhancing anger awareness and expression may improve chronic headaches, although not more than RT. Researchers should study which patients are most likely to benefit from an emotional expression or emotional reduction approach to chronic pain.
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Prior studies found that pain fear avoidance and pain acceptance are significantly associated with adjustment to chronic pain. ⋯ The associations between both pain fear avoidance and pain acceptance and adjustment to chronic pain vary depending on the pain condition and the type of health care centres where the patients are treated.