The Canadian journal of cardiology
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A 60-year-old man was diagnosed with melanoma. After receiving 13 infusions of nivolumab, he had fulminant myocarditis. ⋯ Programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) was predominantly expressed on the surface of the damaged myocardium. Although it is reported that myocarditis induced by the human anti-programmed death-1 inhibitor nivolumab therapy rarely occurred at > 2 months use in clinical trials, this case showed that even if at a late phase, long-term use of immune checkpoint inhibitors might to lead immune-related adverse events including myocarditis.