Midwifery
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To investigate and describe how intense fear related to childbirth is experienced, dealt with and communicated from the perspective of the women themselves. ⋯ The findings suggest that antenatal health-care professionals need further training in how to meet and support women with intense fear related to childbirth. Such training should include how to uncover and counter socially constructed norms and expectations about what pregnant women should feel in relation to childbirth.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A randomised-controlled trial in England of a postnatal midwifery intervention on breast-feeding duration.
To determine whether postnatal 'hands off' care by midwives on positioning and attachment of the newborn baby improves breast-feeding duration. ⋯ Midwives can be trained in a 4-hr workshop to achieve improved knowledge of 'hands off' positioning and attachment care, and these can be translated into clinical practice. Future studies should differentiate the elements of the care that are effective in achieving postnatal feeds, and apply this advice consistently at successive feeds.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
An exploratory study in the UK of the effectiveness of three different pain management regimens for post-caesarean section women.
To compare the effects of three types of analgesic administration after elective caesarean section on a number of clinical outcome measures. Supplementary aims of the study were to determine the acceptability of, and satisfaction with, the different regimens. ⋯ The results indicated that the outcomes of all three interventions were comparable in terms of pain scores, incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting, and overall levels of satisfaction, although intra-muscular morphine was disliked to a degree that deterred some women from requesting it. Consumption of oral morphine was significantly greater than consumption of intramuscular injections of morphine, whereas Co-dydramol use was lower in the self-medicating group; the self-medicating women also went home, on average, a day earlier than women in the other two groups.