Midwifery
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This study examined the predictive validity of the prenatal and postnatal versions of the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R) in European Portuguese women, considering two gold standards to determine postpartum depression (PPD). ⋯ Despite the low prevalence of PPD (albeit consistent with prior estimates of major depression at three months postpartum), this clinical condition has very serious consequences for the mother, the baby and the whole family when present. The PDPI-R is a valid screening tool to estimate the psychosocial risk for developing PPD among Portuguese women and can be used in research (e.g., for cross-cultural comparisons) and clinical practice. The recommended cut-off scores could assist health professionals (namely, midwives) in identifying the women who would benefit from appropriate referrals and/or closer monitoring to prevent them from developing PPD.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate possible associations between distress in pregnant women and their use of pain management and medical interventions. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of reported dissatisfaction in relationship with their partner, or weak social support. ⋯ Midwives need to acknowledge the possible association of distress and use of an epidural during childbirth and screen for distress early in pregnancy. It is important to offer counselling and help during pregnancy for expectant parents who are distressed or dissatisfied in their relationship.
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To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Icelandic version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) when used prenatal, explore the dimensionality of the scale and describe its effectiveness in identifying depression. ⋯ The Icelandic version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a valid and reliable one-dimensional instrument suitable to screen for depression prenatally. We recommend using score 11 or higher as a cut-off. If women score 11, they should be re-assessed two weeks later, but if they score 12 or higher, they should be referred directly for a further assessment. A time gap of two to four weeks does weaken the scale's ability to discriminate between those suffering from Major Depression and those who screen negative.