Heart and vessels
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The left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) is a load-insensitive method for evaluating LV contractility, which needs invasive measurement. Some noninvasive methods substitute peak aortic pressure (Ps) for end-systolic LV pressure by assuming there is no difference between these pressures. However, this assumption has not been directly validated. ⋯ Ps/V(EE) correlated worst with Ees(LV). Central AOP can be substituted for LVP to derive EesLV. Other estimation methods yield weaker and poor correlations to directly measured Ees.