Clinics in geriatric medicine
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Increased longevity and population aging will increase the number of men with late-onset hypogonadism, a common condition that is often under diagnosed and under treated. The indication of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) treatment requires the presence of low testosterone level and symptoms and signs of hypogonadism. Although there is a lack of large-scale, long-term studies assessing the benefits and risks of TRT in men with hypogonadism, reports indicate that TRT may produce a wide range of benefits that include improvement in libido and sexual function, bone density, muscle mass, body composition, mood, erythropoiesis, cognition, quality of life, and cardiovascular disease. ⋯ Despite this controversy, testosterone supplementation in the United States has increased substantially in the past several years. The physician should discuss with the patient the potential benefits and risks of TRT. This review discusses the benefits and risks of TRT.
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Hip fractures in elderly men present many significant challenges and are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this age group. A multidisciplinary team approach before surgical intervention is the most efficient way to manage this patient group and achieve the best possible outcome while attempting to return patients to their previous level of function. Timely surgical intervention allows the patient's early mobilization and decreases the risk of potential complications in the postoperative period. Patient education and close follow-up are necessary to ensure compliance with the rehabilitation protocol as well as the prevention of future fractures.