International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery
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Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg · Jun 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of clonidine and epinephrine in lidocaine anaesthesia for lower third molar surgery.
The admixture of clonidine or epinephrine to lidocaine for inferior alveolar nerve block was studied with regard to onset, duration, intensity of anaesthesia, postoperative analgesia, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), ST segment depression > or =1 mm and cardiac arrhythmias. Forty healthy patients (ASA I) received 2 ml 2% lidocaine with clonidine (15 microg/ml; n = 20) or epinephrine (12.5 microg/ml; n = 20) in a double-blind fashion for lower third molar surgery. Duration and intensity were not different between groups, while onset was significantly different by subjective evaluation. ⋯ There was no significant difference in SBP, DBP and MAP between groups. HR was significantly increased in the epinephrine group 5 min after administration of anaesthesia and during surgery compared with the clonidine group and with basal values. The presented data suggest that clonidine could be a useful and safe alternative to epinephrine for intraoral block anaesthesia.
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Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg · Jun 2005
Specificity of meal pattern analysis as an animal model of determining temporomandibular joint inflammation/pain.
Analyzing feeding behavior, and in particular meal duration, can be used as a biological marker for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation/pain. The present study determined the specificity of meal duration as a measure of TMJ inflammation/pain in a rodent model. The model was also used to test the efficacy of dexamethasone (DEX) as a treatment for TMJ inflammation/pain that was induced by TMJ injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). ⋯ CFA significantly increased TMJ swelling and stress-induced chromodacryorrhea in Group 3, but treatment with DEX attenuated these effects in Group 4. Compared to the controls, meal duration was significantly lengthened 24 and 48 h post-CFA injection in Group 3, whereas DEX treatment attenuated TMJ swelling, chromodacryorrhea and normalized meal duration. The data demonstrate that meal pattern analysis, and in particular meal duration, can be used as a non-invasive specific measure of TMJ inflammation/pain and can be used as a marker of DEX treatment efficacy.