International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery
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Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg · Sep 2005
Sports-related maxillofacial fractures: a retrospective study of 125 patients.
This study assessed the spectrum of maxillofacial fractures sustained during sports in Greece, discuss the aetiology in different sports and suggest protective measures. One hundred and twenty-five patients suffered facial fractures as a result of different sport activities. The factors evaluated were: type of sport involved, age, sex, mechanism of injury, site of fractures, associated non-maxillofacial injuries and mode of treatment. ⋯ Facial fractures during sports mainly affect the young and the majority of the patients are amateur athletes. Although these injuries are not usually severe, initial hospitalisation and surgical interventions may be required. Team sports are responsible for the majority of facial fractures.
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The introduced new developed navigation system is a High Intensity Approach Light System for augmented reality in image-guided surgery. The surgeon follows the projected approach lights with his ordinary surgical instruments. Thus, tracked instruments are not necessary with this system.
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Bite wounds are frequently located on the face; injuries inflicted by dogs are most common, especially in children. Bacteriology of infected dog and cat bite wounds includes Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, viridans streptococci, Capnocytophaga canimorsus, and oral anaerobes. Infected human bites yield a similar spectrum of bacteria except for Pasteurellae and C. canimorsus; instead human bites are frequently complicated by Eikenella corrodens. ⋯ The need for prophylaxis against systemic infectious complications, particularly tetanus, should also be evaluated. Primary surgical repair is the treatment of choice for most clinically uninfected facial bite wounds, whereas delayed closure should be reserved for certain high risk or already infected wounds. Avulsive injuries with significant tissue loss represent the most difficult cases for definitive management and are also those most likely to require hospitalization.
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Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg · Jul 2005
A survey of temporomandibular joint dislocation: aetiology, demographics, risk factors and management in 96 Nigerian cases.
A retrospective study of 96 cases of temporomandibular joint dislocation was undertaken. Patients' ages ranged from 9 to 85 years (mean+/-SD, 35.3+/-17.4 years) and peak incidence was at 20-29 years. Mean duration was 7.9 weeks (range, 1h to 3 years). ⋯ Treatment was satisfactory for all patients surgically handled except for one case of anterior open bite postoperatively. This study has shown that excessive mouth opening while yawning is the commonest cause of temporomandibular joint dislocation in Nigerians, and conservative approaches to management remain quite effective irrespective of the duration and clinical subtype. The best choice of surgical technique should be determined by proper clinical evaluation and the need to avoid or minimize postoperative morbidity.
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Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg · Jun 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of clonidine and epinephrine in lidocaine anaesthesia for lower third molar surgery.
The admixture of clonidine or epinephrine to lidocaine for inferior alveolar nerve block was studied with regard to onset, duration, intensity of anaesthesia, postoperative analgesia, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), ST segment depression > or =1 mm and cardiac arrhythmias. Forty healthy patients (ASA I) received 2 ml 2% lidocaine with clonidine (15 microg/ml; n = 20) or epinephrine (12.5 microg/ml; n = 20) in a double-blind fashion for lower third molar surgery. Duration and intensity were not different between groups, while onset was significantly different by subjective evaluation. ⋯ There was no significant difference in SBP, DBP and MAP between groups. HR was significantly increased in the epinephrine group 5 min after administration of anaesthesia and during surgery compared with the clonidine group and with basal values. The presented data suggest that clonidine could be a useful and safe alternative to epinephrine for intraoral block anaesthesia.