Journal of general internal medicine
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In 2012, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implemented guidelines seeking to reduce PSA-based screening for prostate cancer in men aged 75 years and older. ⋯ Implementation of a highly specific CCDS tool alone significantly reduced inappropriate PSA screening in men aged 75 years and older in a reproducible fashion. With this simple intervention, evidence-based guidelines were brought to bear at the point of care, precisely for the patients and providers for whom they were most helpful, resulting in more appropriate use of medical resources.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a CPR and Intubation Video Decision Support Tool for Hospitalized Patients.
Decisions about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and intubation are a core part of advance care planning, particularly for seriously ill hospitalized patients. However, these discussions are often avoided. ⋯ Seriously ill patients who viewed a video about CPR and intubation were more likely not to want these treatments, be better informed about their options, have orders to forgo CPR/ intubation, and discuss preferences with providers.
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Observational Study
Control Beliefs and Risk for Death, Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in Middle-aged and Older Adults: An Observational Study.
Chronic health conditions account for the largest proportion of illness-related mortality and morbidity as well as most of healthcare spending in the USA. Control beliefs may be important for outcomes in individuals with chronic illness. ⋯ Control beliefs were not associated with differential risk for those with DM and/or hypertension, but they predicted significant differences in event-free survival for the general cohort.
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There is ample evidence that many clinical decisions made by physicians are inconsistent with current and generally accepted evidence. This leads to the underuse of some efficacious diagnostic, preventive or therapeutic services, and the overuse of others of marginal or no value to the patient. Evolving new payment and delivery models place greater emphasis on the provision of evidence-based services at the point of care. ⋯ We present a conceptual framework for organizing these factors, dividing them into patient, physician, practice site, physician organization, network, market, and public policy influences. In doing so, we review some of the literature that speak to these factors. We then identify areas where additional research is especially needed, and discuss the challenges and opportunities for health services and policy researchers to gain a better understanding of these factors, particularly those that are potentially modifiable by policymakers and organizational leaders.