Journal of pain and symptom management
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J Pain Symptom Manage · Oct 2004
ReviewTreatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a review of therapeutic options.
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a disabling consequence of the reactivation of the varicella zoster infection. The observation that patients with PHN experience various types of pain suggests that multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms are involved, which may include the peripheral and central nervous systems. A reasonable initial strategy would involve selecting from among multiple agents that have complementary mechanisms of action and that have been proven effective in controlled clinical trials, such as the lidocaine patch 5%, gabapentin, tricyclic antidepressants, and opioids. ⋯ Physicians can either add another agent to the current regimen or switch to a new type of monotherapy if there is inadequate response to initial therapy. Alternative therapies, (i.e., ketamine, intrathecal corticosteroid injections) have not been adequately studied. Well-designed, multicenter, controlled clinical trials are needed to develop a treatment algorithm that provides an evidence-based, rational approach to treating PHN.
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J Pain Symptom Manage · Oct 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPsychometric update of the Functional Interference Estimate: a brief measure of pain functional interference.
The Functional Interference Estimate (FIE) is a brief, 5-item self-report measure that assesses the degree to which pain interferes with daily functioning. While the FIE has demonstrated reliability and validity with a small normative sample, not much is known about its reliability and validity with a broad sample of individuals with pain. ⋯ The FIE has excellent internal consistency and appears to have strong convergent validity with other well-established measures of function (e.g., SF-36 and Dartmouth COOP Charts). Because of its brevity and flexibility, the FIE may be a useful self-report measure of pain functional interference in clinical research on pain.
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J Pain Symptom Manage · Oct 2004
Clinical TrialAgreement among family members in their assessment of the Quality of Dying and Death.
Improving end-of-life care requires accurate indicators of the quality of dying. The purpose of this study was to measure the agreement among family members who rate a loved one's dying experience. We administered the Quality of Dying and Death instrument to 94 family members of 38 patients who died in the intensive care unit. ⋯ Variability on individual items ranged from an ICC of 0.15 to 1.0. Families demonstrated more agreement on frequencies of events (ICC 0.54) than on determinations of quality (ICC 0.32). These findings reveal important variability among family raters and suggest that until the variability is understood, multiple raters may generate more comprehensive end-of-life data and may more accurately reflect the quality of dying and death.
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J Pain Symptom Manage · Oct 2004
Clinical TrialConsiderations of healthcare professionals in medical decision-making about treatment for clinical end-stage cancer patients.
In order to determine which considerations healthcare professionals use in decision-making about treatment for inpatients with end-stage cancer, we observed 110 discussions at multidisciplinary meetings at two oncology departments. The discussions concerned 74 patients. Thirty-three of the 110 discussions concerned potentially life-prolonging or life-shortening treatments. ⋯ These observations confirm that medical interventions with a possible life-prolonging or life-shortening effect are a frequently discussed issue in medical decision-making for end-stage cancer patients in The Netherlands. Before making a decision, healthcare professionals gather extensive information about what gain is to be expected from an intervention. When healthcare professionals establish that a decision would be medically appropriate, the patient's wish will often be an important consideration.