Journal of pain and symptom management
-
J Pain Symptom Manage · Mar 2006
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialLow morphine doses in opioid-naive cancer patients with pain.
Cancer pain can be managed in most patients through the use of the analgesic ladder proposed by the World Health Organization. Recent studies have proposed to skip the second "rung" of the ladder by using a so-called "strong" opioid for moderate pain. However, usual doses of strong opioids commonly prescribed for the third rung of the analgesic ladder may pose several problems in terms of tolerability in opioid-naive patients. ⋯ The treatment was effective and well tolerated by most patients, who were able to maintain relatively low doses for the subsequent weeks (mean dose 45 mg at Week 4). Only 12 patients dropped out due to poor response or other reasons. The use of very low doses of morphine proved to be a reliable method in titrating opioid-naive advanced cancer patients who were also able to maintain their dose, in a 4-week period, below the dose level commonly used when prescribing strong opioids.
-
J Pain Symptom Manage · Mar 2006
Palliative care program effectiveness research: developing rigor in sampling design, conduct, and reporting.
Research on palliative care presents some unique sampling challenges. The purpose of this paper is to articulate the sampling challenges that palliative care researchers face during phases of study design, conduct, and the reporting of results. ⋯ These challenges are explored within the context of a randomized clinical trial testing a palliative care intervention. Suggestions for improving scientific rigor in sampling design include 1) defining a target population that is consistent with research goals; 2) identifying eligibility criteria that are objective and understandable to clinicians to yield the desired sample; and 3) reporting results about the target population, sample eligibility/exclusions, and participation using standardized criteria.
-
J Pain Symptom Manage · Mar 2006
Symptom priority and course of symptomatology in specialized palliative care.
The study aim was to explore which symptoms/problems cancer patients in palliative care consider most distressing, and to investigate how prioritization at first contact was associated with patient-assessed symptom intensity and change in intensity over time. Initially, 175 patients named and prioritized their five most distressing symptoms. Weekly, they completed the following self-assessment questionnaires: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. ⋯ Priority was associated with initial scoring of pain, appetite, nausea/vomiting, dyspnea, constipation, depression, and anxiety, but not with fatigue, physical function, role function, or inactivity. Priority was associated with change in symptom intensity for pain, reduced appetite, nausea/vomiting, and constipation. Symptom prioritization may be a useful guide to choice of treatment as well as to longitudinal symptom evaluation.
-
J Pain Symptom Manage · Mar 2006
Effects of a brief coping skills training intervention on nociceptive flexion reflex threshold in patients having osteoarthritic knee pain: a preliminary laboratory study of sex differences.
Studies have documented the efficacy of coping skills training (CST) for managing pain, distress, and disability in persons with arthritis. However, no laboratory studies have examined the effects of CST on descending modulation of nociception. This study used the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) to document pain and nociceptive responding among 62 men and women with osteoarthritis of the knee (mean age=63.3+/-7.5 years). ⋯ Results indicated significantly increased NFR thresholds and decreased pain ratings following CST for men and women. A significant time by sex interaction was observed for state anxiety, with women reporting greater decreases in anxiety following CST than men. This is the first study to demonstrate effects of a CST protocol on a measure of descending inhibition of nociception among patients with osteoarthritic knee pain.
-
J Pain Symptom Manage · Mar 2006
Comment Letter Case ReportsRe: efficacy, safety, and ethical validity of palliative sedation therapy.