Microbial pathogenesis
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Microbial pathogenesis · Mar 2021
ReviewImmunopathological similarities between COVID-19 and influenza: Investigating the consequences of Co-infection.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a global public health emergency since December 2019, and so far, more than 980,000 people (until September 24, 2020) around the world have died. SARS-CoV-2 mimics the influenza virus regarding methods and modes of transmission, clinical features, related immune responses, and seasonal coincidence. ⋯ Given the importance of the mentioned co-infection and the coming influenza season, it is essential to recognize the similarities and differences between the symptoms, immunopathogenesis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. Therefore, we reviewed the virology, clinical features, and immunopathogenesis of both influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 and evaluated outcomes in cases with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus co-infection.
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Microbial pathogenesis · Mar 2021
ReviewImpact of gut microbiota: How it could play roles beyond the digestive system on development of cardiovascular and renal diseases.
In recent years, a significant interest in gut microbiota-host crosstalk has increased due to the involvement of gut bacteria on host health and diseases. Gut dysbiosis, a change in the gut microbiota composition alters host-microbiota interactions and induces gut immune dysregulation that have been associated with pathogenesis of several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Gut microbiota affect the host, mainly through the immunological and metabolism-dependent and metabolism-independent pathways. ⋯ Given the current approaches and challenges that can reshape the bacterial composition by restoring the balance between host and microbiota. In this review, we discuss the complex interplay between the gut microbiota, and the heart and the kidney, and explain the gut-cardiovascular axis and gut-kidney axis on the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney diseases. In addition, we discuss the interplay between gut and kidney on hypertension or cardiovascular pathology.
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Microbial pathogenesis · Jan 2021
ReviewStructural and functional insights into non-structural proteins of coronaviruses.
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are causing a number of human and animal diseases because of their zoonotic nature such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These viruses can infect respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic and central nervous systems of human, livestock, birds, bat, mouse, and many wild animals. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly emerging respiratory virus and is causing CoVID-19 with high morbidity and considerable mortality. ⋯ Coronavirus replicase has more or less universal activities, such as RNA polymerase (nsp 12) and helicase (nsp 13), as well as a variety of unusual or even special mRNA capping (nsp 14, nsp 16) and fidelity regulation (nsp 14) domains. Besides that, several smaller subunits (nsp 7- nsp 10) serve as essential cofactors for these enzymes and contribute to the emerging "nsp interactome." In spite of the significant progress in studying coronaviruses structural and functional properties, there is an urgent need to understand the coronaviruses evolutionary success that will be helpful to develop enhanced control strategies. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the structure, function, and interactions of coronaviruses RNA synthesizing machinery and their replication strategies.
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Microbial pathogenesis · Dec 2019
Meta AnalysisAssociation between IL-1B gene polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori infection: A meta-analysis.
To clarify the impact of IL-1B gene polymorphisms (IL-1B-511C/T, IL-1B-31C/T, IL-1B+3954C/T) in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection by mean of a meta-analysis. ⋯ This meta-analysis suggested that IL-1B-511C/T polymorphism was related to the risk of H. pylori infection. Further larger studies with high quality are needed to conform these findings.