Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA
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This study was designed to quantify the important anatomical landmarks and the path of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) within the human mandibular body and ramus, in particular with reference to the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). ⋯ Precise knowledge of the individual's position of the IAN will help surgical planning.
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The normal flexibility in morphology and topography of body structures may be termed as an anatomical variation. This manuscript, aims to present a unique discovery of 'coronoid foramina' bilaterally along with bilateral accessory foramina over the 'lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible' which has never been seen or documented in the literature so far in a live patient. It is noteworthy to realize a trait of phylogenetic context in these discoveries.
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The positional relationship between the mandibular canal and corresponding third molars is a key anatomic factor of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. The aim of the present study is to classify the anatomic three-dimensional relationship between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. ⋯ The anatomic structures of the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal may be helpful to make adequate surgical planning to avoid or reduce nerve involvement.
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Case Reports
Five mental foramina in the same mandible: CBCT findings of an unusual anatomical variant.
The mental foramen is an important anatomic landmark located on the buccal aspect of the mandible, typically near the apex of the second premolar. Mental foramina exhibit many anatomical variations, including differences in size, shape, position, and number. The most frequent type of variation in number is the presence of double mental foramen, which has a reported incidence ranging from 1.4 to 12.5%. ⋯ The frequency of accessory mental foramina varies among ethnic groups, with a low incidence in white Caucasian populations. At present, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the diagnostic tool of choice for examining the maxillofacial region, and the high spatial resolution of CBCT allows accurate three-dimensional analysis of mental foramen variations. The present report describes an unusual case of five mental foramina in a 24-year-old white European male diagnosed by CBCT.