Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA
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Anatomic variations of the neck musculature are uncommon and incidentally found during cadaveric dissection. The levator scapulae muscle is found in the floor of the posterior cervical triangle. It connects the axial skeleton with the superior appendicular skeleton and acts as a scapular elevator. ⋯ During a routine cadaveric dissection, we encountered an additional slip of the left levator scapulae originating from the left mastoid process. This muscle is frequently implicated in the etiopathology of neck and shoulder pain. Knowledge of this variation is not only interesting to anatomists, but also to surgeons operating on the posterior neck and physicians managing patients with cervical or shoulder pain.
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The aim of this study was to clarify the origins of the lumbricals of the foot toward a better understanding of its precise action in the gait. ⋯ The results of this study constitute new anatomical knowledge regarding the origin of the lumbricals, and provide insight into their specific role in production of gait. These findings will be useful for various types of surgery, biomechanics research, and rehabilitation programs.
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Case Reports
Multiple anatomical variations of the renal vessels associated with malrotated and unrotated kidneys: a case report.
Variations in the number of renal vessels represent the most common anatomical variations in renal vasculature. Here, a rare case of multiple anatomical variations of renal vessels was found in a 70-year-old female cadaveric dissection. ⋯ A rare case of ovarian vein that drained into the right renal vein was also reported. The descriptions of these multiple anatomical variations should be considered by clinicians for performing correct surgical and radiological procedures.
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The sensory distribution in the dorsum of the hand was investigated in 150 formalin-fixed hands with the aim of outlining the most common innervation pattern of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN), dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN) and the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN). Although variable, the most common pattern found was SBRN innervation to the dorsal surface of the lateral 2½ digits and DBUN innervation to the dorsal surface of the medial 2½ digits. Dual innervation due to communicating branches or nerves overlapping was found in 41 cases. ⋯ The LABCN was closely associated, and occasionally overlapped, with the SBRN. There were significant differences in the sensory distribution of the dorsum of the right and left hands of the same cadaver. The sensory distribution in the dorsum of the hand is variable; however, understanding the most common innervation pattern and appreciating the possible variations to this pattern is important to avoid errors in interpretation of conduction velocity studies, misdiagnosis of nerve pathology signs and symptoms and inappropriate treatments.
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Following successful double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLT) insertion for pulmonary surgery, the body position of a patient is changed from supine to lateral. This change occasionally leads to the malposition of the DLT and difficulty in differential lung ventilation. ⋯ We recommend that the depth of DLT insertion should be advanced by approximately 0.5 cm from the best position, before changing from the supine to lateral position.