Current medical research and opinion
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Brimonidine purite 0.1% versus brinzolamide 1% as adjunctive therapy to latanoprost in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of brimonidine purite 0.1% in comparison to brinzolamide 1% when used as adjunctive therapy to latanoprost 0.005% in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. ⋯ Brimonidine purite 0.1% provided significantly lower IOP compared with brinzolamide 1% when used as adjunctive therapy to latanoprost. Both adjunctive therapies were well tolerated. Limitations of this study include the use of a single site and the sample size. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate these drugs as adjunctive therapy to prostaglandin analogs.
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Adequate vitamin D and calcium nutrition play a critical role in the maintenance of musculoskeletal health and are considered the first step in osteoporosis treatment. ⋯ Current evidence and expert opinion suggests that optimal serum 25(OH)D concentrations should be at least 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL) in all individuals. This implies a population mean close to 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL). In order to achieve this level, vitamin D intake of at least 20 microg daily is required. There is a wider therapeutic window for vitamin D than previously believed, and doses of 800 IU per day, regardless of sun exposure, season or additional multivitamin use, appear to present little risk of toxicity. Apart from fracture and fall prevention, optimization of vitamin D status may also have additional general health benefits. Based on newly emerging data regarding calcium supplementation, and recommendations for increased vitamin D intake, the current recommendations for calcium intake in postmenopausal women may be unnecessarily high. In addition to vitamin D and calcium, treatment of patients with osteoporosis at high risk of fractures should also include pharmacologic agents with proven vertebral and non-vertebral fracture efficacy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Functionality and health-status benefits associated with reduction of osteoarthritis pain.
To evaluate the association between pain intensity improvement and improvements in functionality and health status in patients with chronic osteoarthritis pain of the hip or knee. ⋯ Pain intensity improvement is associated with corresponding improvements in function and health status. While large improvements in pain intensity are associated with large improvements in health status and functionality, modest pain reductions are also associated with improvement of certain health status parameters.
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To investigate the relationship between time spent in the recommended target International Normalised Ratio (INR) range and the setting and intensity of anti coagulant monitoring, in both treatment-experienced and treatment-naive atrial fibrillation (AF) patients receiving oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy for the prevention of ischaemic stroke. ⋯ INR control is variable and dependent on monitoring intensity and duration of anticoagulant therapy.
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To evaluate the clinical and biological activity of apremilast in patients with severe plaque-type psoriasis. ⋯ Apremilast demonstrated biological activity and improved psoriasis clinical efficacy scores in patients with severe plaque-type psoriasis. The majority of adverse events were mild in nature. Two adverse events (fatigue and dizziness) were judged by the investigator to be moderate and related to apremilast. In addition, there were no clinically-relevant abnormal laboratory test results in subjects treated with apremilast for 29 days.