Current medical research and opinion
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Lasmiditan in patients with common migraine comorbidities: a post hoc efficacy and safety analysis of two Phase 3 randomized clinical trials.
Determine whether common migraine comorbidities affect the efficacy and safety of lasmiditan, a 5-HT1F receptor agonist approved in the United States for the acute treatment of migraine. ⋯ The efficacy and safety of lasmiditan for treatment of individual migraine attacks appear to be independent of comorbid conditions.
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We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of randomized controlled trials and real-world evidence (RWE) studies to determine the humanistic (e.g. health-related/disease-specific quality of life [QOL]) and economic (e.g. direct and indirect costs) burdens of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). ⋯ This SLR identified substantial humanistic burden among surgery candidates. RWE shows that surgeries were used to treat relatively more severe CRSwNP patients as recommended by guidelines. Patient QOL is improved significantly after surgery; however, there is a lack of evidence on patients with revision surgery. Surgery is also associated with higher costs, and the presence of NP was a predictor of revision surgery. Patients with CRSwNP demonstrate greater health care resource utilization and costs compared to those with CRS without NP. Costs associated with different severity of CRSwNP and revision surgery need to be assessed further.
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Fractures due to osteoporosis represent a serious burden on patients and healthcare systems. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the anabolic agent abaloparatide (ABL) for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture. ⋯ ABL is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for women with postmenopausal osteoporosis at high risk for fracture. Its therapeutic effects are sustained with subsequent ALN therapy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized head-to-head comparison of minodronic acid and raloxifene for fracture incidence in postmenopausal Japanese women: the Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial (JOINT)-04.
We conducted a head-to-head randomized trial of minodronate, a bisphosphonate, and raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, to obtain clinical evidence and information about their efficacy and safety. ⋯ Overall, there were no statistical differences in the incidence rates of osteoporotic, vertebral, or major osteoporotic fractures between the two groups. Serious adverse reactions were rare in both groups.
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Lack of structural equality is a major issue to be addressed in observational studies. Their major disadvantage of these studies compared to randomized controlled trials is the vulnerability towards confounding, but they often better mirror real world patients and, therefore, entail an increased external validity. Numerous approaches have been developed to account for confounding in observational research, including multiple regression, subgroup analysis and matched cohort designs. The latter has been often described as a useful tool if large control data sets are available. ⋯ The implementation of the algorithm in the statistical software SAS offers high flexibility regarding an application to various data analysis projects. Specifically, it provides a broader range of features (e.g. diverse distance measures) when compared to other existing solutions for conducting matched cohort analyses.