Journal of critical care
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Journal of critical care · Oct 2016
ReviewAcetate-buffered crystalloid fluids: Current knowledge, a systematic review.
The concept of fluid resuscitation with balanced solutions containing acetate is relatively new. The knowledge about acetate mostly originates from nephrological research, as acetate was primarily used as a dialysis buffer where much higher doses of acetate are infused. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of an acetate-buffered crystalloid fluid when compared with other crystalloid infusates. ⋯ Acetate-buffered crystalloid solutes do have a favorable influence on microcirculation. To what extent the acetate-buffered crystalloids influence kidney function is controversially discussed and not yet clear. Metabolic alkalosis did not occur in a single study in humans after an acetate-buffered infusate; potassium levels stayed stable in all studies. Cardiac output and contractility seem to be positively influenced; nonetheless, data on maintenance of a target blood pressure remain inconclusive. Whether acetate-buffered crystalloid fluids lead to lower rates of acute kidney injury and increased survival when compared with normal saline is yet unclear and may depend on the amount of fluid administered.
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The purpose of this narrative review is to provide practical and useful guidance for clinicians considering the use of intravenous ketamine for its analgosedative properties in adult, critically ill patients. ⋯ Ketamine has a unique pharmacological profile compared with more traditional agents such as opioids, which makes it an appealing alternative agent for analgosedation in the intensive care unit setting.
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Journal of critical care · Oct 2016
Comparative StudyComparison of ultrasound guided brachiocephalic and internal jugular vein cannulation in critically ill children.
To determine whether ultrasound (US)-guided longitudinal in-plane supraclavicular cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein (BCV) improves cannulation success rates compared to transverse out-of-plane internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation in urgent insertion of temporary central venous catheters (CVC) in critically ill children. ⋯ Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular in-plane BCV cannulation improved first attempt CVC cannulation success rates and reduced puncture attempts and cannulation time compared to US-guided out-of-plane IJV in critically ill children. A large randomized clinical trial is warranted to confirm our results.
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A novel surveillance algorithm of ventilator-associated event (VAE) was introduced to overcome the subjectivity of conventional ventilator-associated pneumonia. We investigated the risk factors and prognostic values of VAE. ⋯ Patients treated with mechanical ventilation due to pulmonary edema or trauma had increased risk of VAE, with its development indicative of adverse clinical outcomes.
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Journal of critical care · Oct 2016
Changes in peripheral perfusion relate to visceral organ perfusion in early septic shock: A pilot study.
To correlate clinical indicators of peripheral perfusion with visceral organ vascular tone in 30 septic shock patients. ⋯ Capillary refill time and skin mottling may be correlated with the pulsatility index, a sonographic surrogate of vascular tone, of visceral organs in early septic shock.