Journal of critical care
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2017
Review Meta AnalysisImpact of transfusion on stroke after cardiovascular interventions: Meta-analysis of comparative studies.
To evaluate the impact of transfusion on the development of stroke after cardiovascular interventions. ⋯ The present meta-analysis is registered in PROSPERO, code CRD42016046426.
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2017
Review Meta AnalysisHigh-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy vs conventional oxygen therapy in cardiac surgical patients: A meta-analysis.
The use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for the treatment of many diseases has gained increasing popularity. In the present meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of HFNCs compared with conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in adult postextubation cardiac surgical patients. ⋯ The HFNC could reduce the need for escalation of respiratory support compared with COT, and it could be safely administered in adult postextubation cardiac surgical patients.
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2017
Review Meta AnalysisThe effect of early goal-directed therapy for treatment of severe sepsis or septic shock: A systemic review and meta-analysis.
To assess the effects of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) on reducing mortality compared with conventional management of severe sepsis or septic shock. ⋯ This meta-analysis was heavily influenced by the recent addition of the trio of trials published after 2014. The results of the recent trio of trials may be biased due to methodological issues. This includes lack of blinding by incorporating similar diagnostic and therapeutic interventions as the original EGDT trial.
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of thoracic epidural block on infection-induced inflammatory response: A randomized controlled trial.
Epidural block decreases inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental models of sepsis as well as after surgery. There is, however, no clinical evidence evaluating its effect on infection-induced inflammatory process. The present trial evaluated the effect of thoracic epidural block (TEB) on systemic inflammatory response in patients with small intestinal perforation peritonitis. Outcome measures included systemic levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein and postoperative Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment scores. ⋯ Thoracic epidural block showed a trend toward better preservation of anti-inflammatory response and clinical recovery that, however, failed to achieve statistical significance (P > .05).
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Journal of critical care · Apr 2017
ReviewDysbiosis in the intensive care unit: Microbiome science coming to the bedside.
Complex microbial communities within the human body, constituting the microbiome, have a broad impact on human health and disease. A growing body of research now examines the role of the microbiome in patients with critical illness, such as sepsis and acute respiratory failure. In this article, we provide an introduction to microbiome concepts and terminology and we systematically review the current evidence base of the critical-illness microbiome, including 51 studies in animal models and pediatric and adult critically ill patients. ⋯ The evolving molecular, culture-independent techniques offer the ability to study microbial communities in unprecedented depth and detail, and in the short-term, may enable us to diagnose and treat infections in critical care more precisely and effectively. Longer term, these tools may also give us insights in the underlying pathophysiology of critical illness and reveal previously unsuspected targets for innovative, microbiome-targeted therapeutics. We finally propose a roadmap for future studies in the field for transforming critical care from its current isolated focus on the host to a more personalized paradigm addressing both human and microbial contributions to critical illness.