Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Priming with anti-cholinesterases--the effect of different combinations of anti-cholinesterases and different priming intervals.
This study was designed to investigate the effect of different combinations of neostigmine and edrophonium when administered in divided doses and the effect of different intervals (priming intervals) between the doses. Seventy-two patients divided into 12 groups (n = 6 in each) were included in the study. An initial dose of neostigmine 0.012 mg.kg-1 or edrophonium 0.2 mg.kg-1 was administered, followed at different priming intervals (1, 2 or 3 min) by either edrophonium 0.8 mg.kg-1 or neostigmine 0.048 mg.kg-1 for antagonism of atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade. ⋯ Recovery indices and reversal times were found to be significantly shorter (p less than 0.05) with a 1 min priming interval. In two additional groups of patients premedicated and anaesthetized as the others equipotent mixtures of the antagonists were administered as a single bolus dose. Reversal times were significantly longer (p less than 0.05) when compared to those given the same amounts of the combination but in divided doses with a 1 min priming interval.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Gastric fluid volume and pH in elective inpatients. Part II: Coffee or orange juice with ranitidine.
In order to assess the effect of preoperative oral fluids, with and without ranitidine, on gastric fluid volume and pH 300 elective surgical inpatients, ASA physical status I and II, were randomly allocated to one of six groups. The three ranitidine groups (Groups 4, 5, and 6) are discussed in this paper (Part II), and the three placebo groups (Groups 1, 2, and 3) in Part I. Between two and three hours before the scheduled time of surgery, patients received 150 ml coffee with oral ranitidine 150 mg (Group 4), 150 ml orange juice with oral ranitidine 150 mg (Group 5), or oral ranitidine alone (Group 6). ⋯ The volume of residual gastric fluid, which was aspirated into a 60 ml syringe, was recorded, and its pH was measured. There were no statistically significant differences between groups with respect to volume (Group 4: 14.3 +/- 15.4; Group 5: 14.8 +/- 17.0; Group 6: 9.7 +/- 12.6 ml). The mean pH in all groups was greater than 5.40 (Group 4: 5.65 +/- 2.12; Group 5: 5.41 +/- 2.12; Group 6: 6.21 +/- 1.51).
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Two cases with rib injuries are reported where intercostal nerve block without rib palpation was safely and successfully performed on six separate occasions using a Doppler blood-flow detector ultrasound stethoscope. A third case studied by a radiologist using a pulsed Doppler flowmeter, determined the source of the Doppler signals as originating from the intercostal artery. The significance of these findings is discussed.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Postoperative vomiting following strabismus surgery in paediatric outpatients: spontaneous versus controlled ventilation.
The study was designed to compare the frequency and severity of postoperative vomiting in paediatric out-patients receiving controlled ventilation (IPPV) or breathing spontaneously (SV) during anaesthesia for strabismus repair. One hundred and twenty unpremedicated children (ages 2-12 years) were studied in a randomized fashion. After intravenous induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation, patients breathed halothane 1-1.5 per cent inspired and N2O 66 per cent in O2 spontaneously (n = 60), or received IPPV, halothane 0.5-1 per cent, N2O 66 per cent, and pancuronium 0.05 mg.kg-1, which was reversed with neostigmine and atropine (n = 60). ⋯ This was not the case with IPPV. There was no correlation between age, sex, duration of surgery, or number of extraocular muscles repaired, and frequency or severity of vomiting or time to discharge. No significant advantage was afforded by IPPV over SV in the present study.