Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Magnesium added to bupivacaine prolongs the duration of analgesia after interscalene nerve block.
Local anesthetic adjuvants have been studied previously in an attempt to prolong the duration of analgesia after peripheral nerve blockade. Magnesium has been shown to have an antinociceptive effect in animal and human pain models. We evaluated the effects of adding magnesium sulphate to long-acting local anesthetics for interscalene nerve block to prolong the duration of analgesia and improve the analgesic quality. ⋯ The addition of magnesium sulphate to a bupivacaine-epinephrine mixture for interscalene nerve block prolongs the duration of analgesia and reduces postoperative pain.
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Glidescope® video-laryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The Glidescope(®) video-laryngoscopy appears to provide better glottic visualization than direct laryngoscopy. However, it remains unclear if it translates into increased success with intubation. ⋯ Compared to direct laryngoscopy, Glidescope(®) video-laryngoscopy is associated with improved glottic visualization, particularly in patients with potential or simulated difficult airways.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Use of a novel technique, solid phase microextraction, to measure tranexamic acid in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a technique widely used and accepted in the field of food technology and in environmental and biological analyses. Despite its numerous advantages over older analytical methods, it has not been studied extensively in the medical sciences. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is currently the sole antifibrinolytic agent used during cardiac surgery involving the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The current standard method of measuring TXA in plasma is based on plasma protein precipitation (PPP), but this analytical approach is time-consuming and not practical for routine use. The aim of the current study was to compare plasma TXA levels measured with the PPP method vs those acquired with the novel, highly efficient SPME technique. We also investigated the use of automated SPME with the aim of improving the technique so it could be used efficiently for measuring plasma TXA levels. ⋯ Solid phase microextraction is a relatively simple, rapid extraction technique that can facilitate future pharmacokinetic studies analyzing TXA drug concentrations and drug dosing in various clinical settings.
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as severe hypoxemic respiratory failure resulting from diffuse lung injury and secondary to direct and indirect insults. Despite advances, mortality remains as high as 40-60%. Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are used to facilitate mechanical ventilation in patients with ARDS and have been shown to improve arterial partial pressure of oxygen. However, the association between NMBAs and mortality is unclear. Furthermore, morbidity concerns exist, particularly regarding a putative role in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness. ⋯ Treatment in early severe ARDS with the NMBA, cisatracurium, for 48 hr was associated with lower adjusted 90-day mortality. It was also associated with decreased morbidity, which included increased ventilator-free days, increased ICU-free days, and increased organ failure-free days. These benefits occurred without increasing the incidence of ICU-acquired weakness.