Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine for the prevention of emergence agitation and postoperative delirium in thoracic surgery: a randomized-controlled trial.
We investigated whether preventive use of dexmedetomidine during surgery was effective for reducing emergence agitation and postoperative delirium. ⋯ Intraoperative dexmedetomidine reduced emergence agitation but not postoperative delirium in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Dexmedetomidine seemed to affect emergence agitation through catecholamines, but not through an anti-inflammatory action. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service (KCT 0001877); registered 7 April, 2016.
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Abstract
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Carfentanil is a synthetic fentanyl analogue approved for veterinary use. It is a mu-opioid receptor agonist with an estimated analgesic potency approximately 10,000 times that of morphine and 20-30 times that of fentanyl, based on animal studies. Since 2016, an increasing number of reports describe detection of carfentanil in the illicit drug supply. ⋯ Exposed individuals exhibit features of an opioid toxidrome and respond to opioid antagonists such as naloxone, although empiric dose requirements are unknown and very high doses may be required. Rare reports of suspected accidental poisoning of first responders have not been analytically confirmed and are unlikely to represent true poisoning. General occupational hygiene measures, including regular decontamination with soap and water, basic personal protective equipment (nitrile gloves, N95 mask, and eye goggles), and ready access to naloxone are generally sufficient in most circumstances.
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This module will introduce the concept of a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) examination for perioperative clinicians. A focused cardiac examination of ventricular filling and function is presented. An examination of the inferior vena cava is also reviewed as a tool to assess volume status. ⋯ Limited ultrasound cardiorespiratory examinations can be performed by non-cardiologists and non-radiologists. Information drawn from POCUS may aid in diagnosis and early rescue in perioperative care. Point-of-care ultrasound is likely to become standard of care for anesthesiologists in the same way that stethoscopy is presently.