The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jul 2011
Seasonal influenza vaccination status among children with laboratory evidence of pandemic H1N1 infection.
The 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus emerged in March 2009 and spread rapidly, causing many thousands of deaths worldwide. A case-control study of 60 Mexican adults with H1N1 suggested that the seasonal influenza vaccine protected against H1N1 infection (odds ratio [OR], 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-0.66), but subsequent studies have had varied results and few have addressed this question in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2008-2009 seasonal influenza vaccination on pandemic H1N1 infection in children. ⋯ There was no overall association--either protection or risk--between seasonal influenza vaccination and medically attended pandemic H1N1 infection in children. These results have important implications for understanding influenza immunity and future public health efforts to prevent pandemic influenza.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jul 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudySafety and immunogenicity of a modified process hepatitis B vaccine in healthy infants.
A modified process hepatitis B vaccine (mpHBV) uses higher phosphate content in the manufacturing process relative to the current product, Recombivax-HB. The higher phosphate is thought to improve antigen presentation, and thereby, increase antibody production. The mpHBV was previously shown to be well tolerated and immunogenic in adults. The current study tested a 2-, 4-, 6-month vaccination schedule and a higher dose formulation (10 μg mpHBV) in healthy infants. ⋯ All 4 hepatitis B vaccines elicited high anti-HBs SPRs. After dose 3, anti-HBs GMT were highest in the 10 μg mpHBV group, but did not meet the predefined criteria for superiority. All vaccines were well tolerated.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jul 2011
Multicenter StudyPredicting bacteremia in children with cancer and fever in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia: results of the prospective multicenter SPOG 2003 FN study.
To develop a score predicting the risk of bacteremia in cancer patients with fever and neutropenia (FN), and to evaluate its performance. ⋯ This reassessment score, simplified into a low-risk checklist of 4 routinely accessible characteristics, identifies pediatric patients with FN at risk for bacteremia. It has the potential to contribute to the reduction of use of antimicrobials in, and to shorten the length of hospital stays of pediatric patients with cancer and FN.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jul 2011
Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in children in the era of community-acquired methicillin-resistance at Texas Children's Hospital.
Community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus (SA) pneumonia has increased in children, yet few studies have focused on this infection. ⋯ SA pneumonia increased in frequency over the study years and most were caused by community-acquired MRSA and USA300 isolates. Viral coinfection in 15% of the cases was associated with respiratory failure. Clindamycin is an effective treatment for susceptible-SA pneumonia; VATS was more common in patients with USA300 infections.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jul 2011
Herpes simplex virus infection in young infants during 2 decades of empiric acyclovir therapy.
To describe the clinical presentation of HSV-infected young infants and to seek distinctive features that could permit a targeted approach to empiric use of acyclovir. ⋯ Early manifestations of perinatally acquired HSV are frequently nonspecific, yet CNS infection is common. Empiric acyclovir strategy narrowly restricted to infants with onset of illness at ≤ 21 days of age, who would receive antibiotics empirically, captured 90% of HSV cases and anticipated a rate of HSV CNS infection similar to that of bacterial meningitis.