The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Feb 2014
Multicenter StudyActive surveillance of candidemia in children from Latin America: a key requirement for improving disease outcome.
Active surveillance is necessary for improving the management and outcomes of patients with candidemia. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiologic and clinical features of candidemia in pediatric patients in Latin America. ⋯ To our knowledge, this is the first prospective, multicenter surveillance study of candidemia in children in Latin America. This epidemiologic information may provide us with methods to improve preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in our continent.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Feb 2014
Multicenter Study Observational StudyPrognostic factors in pediatric sepsis study, from the Spanish Society of Pediatric Intensive Care.
Sepsis and septic shock represent up to 30% of admitted patients in pediatric intensive care units, with a mortality that can exceed 10%. The objective of this study is to determine the prognostic factors for mortality in sepsis. ⋯ Patients with sepsis and multiorgan failure, especially those with nosocomial infection or the presence of neutropenia or purpura, have a worse prognosis and should be monitored and treated early.
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Fulminant bacterial meningitis is a rare host reaction to infection characterized by sudden onset, rapid deterioration, abrupt cerebral edema and refractory intracranial hypertension associated with an extremely high mortality rate. ⋯ Fulminant bacterial meningitis is an example of an aberrant host response to infection that challenges available medical intervention.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Feb 2014
Incidence and etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children younger than 5 years in rural Thailand.
Pneumonia remains a leading cause of under-five morbidity and mortality globally. Comprehensive incidence, epidemiologic and etiologic data are needed to update prevention and control strategies. ⋯ Our findings underscore the high burden of hospitalization for ALRI and the importance of viral pathogens among children in Thailand. Interventions targeting viral pathogens coupled with improved diagnostic approaches, especially for bacteria, are critical for better understanding of ALRI etiology, prevention and control.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Feb 2014
Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill young children.
Piperacillin/tazobactam is a frequently prescribed antibiotic in pediatric intensive care units, but pharmacokinetic data to justify the optimal piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimen are sparse in critically ill children. ⋯ These are the first pharmacokinetic data of piperacillin/tazobactam (piperacillin component) in critically ill pediatric patients (1-6 years of age). Based on these data, 100 mg/kg q6h as a 3-hour infusion and 400 mg/kg continuous infusion were the only regimens to provide optimal PTA at the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoint of 16 μg/mL.