The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jun 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudySafety and immunogenicity of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in children 6 months through 8 years of age.
Strains of 2 distinct influenza B lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) have cocirculated in the United States for over a decade, but trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs) contain only 1 B-lineage strain. Each season, some or most influenza B disease is caused by the B lineage not represented in that season's TIV. Quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVs) containing a strain from each B lineage should resolve this problem. ⋯ This study demonstrated that QIV is safe and immunogenic among children 6 months to <9 years of age. These findings, along with data from 2 other studies of this QIV in adults, suggest that QIV should offer protection against both B lineages with a safety profile similar to TIV across all ages.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jun 2014
ReviewNeonatal vancomycin continuous infusion: still a confusion?
Continuous infusions of vancomycin over 24 hours have been shown in adults to reduce drug toxicity, lower treatment costs and require fewer blood samples for therapeutic drug monitoring. They may also improve clinical outcome through earlier attainment of target drug concentrations. In neonates, there is no consensus on vancomycin dosing. We reviewed the literature to assess the evidence for vancomycin dosing regimens for continuous infusion in neonates. ⋯ Continuous infusions of vancomycin in neonates are well tolerated, require less blood sampling and may result in improved attainment of target concentrations. Further prospective studies are needed in this population.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jun 2014
The changing epidemiology of serious bacterial infections in young infants.
Management of febrile young infants suspected of having serious bacterial infections has been a challenge for decades. The impact of changes in prenatal screening for Group B Streptococcus and of infant immunizations has received little attention in population-based studies. ⋯ Compared with earlier studies, UTIs now are found significantly more often than bacteremia and meningitis with 92% of occult infections associated with UTIs. These data emphasize the importance of an urinalysis in febrile infants.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jun 2014
Factors associated with bacteremia in young infants with urinary tract infection.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most frequent severe bacterial infection in infants. Up to 31% of infants with UTI have bacteremia. ⋯ In infants aged 0-2 months with UTI, increased blood creatinine value at admission was associated with bacteremia. This value provides an additional clue on admission, independent of personal judgment, to help identify infants at higher risk for bacteremia, prolonged hospitalization and possible complications.