The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Apr 2013
Multicenter StudyBenefit of conjugate pneumococcal vaccination in preventing influenza hospitalization in children: a case-control study.
The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) might prevent hospitalizations in children because of the role of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the complications of influenza infection. We investigated the benefit of PCV vaccination in preventing influenza hospitalization in children <5 years of age during the 2009 to 2010 pandemic wave and the 2010 to 2011 influenza epidemic in Spain. ⋯ The results obtained suggest that, in children <5 years of age, PCV vaccination reduced hospitalization during the 2009 to 2010 pandemic wave. By contrast, there was no observed benefit of vaccination in the 2010 to 2011 influenza season.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Apr 2013
Improved vancomycin dosing in children using area under the curve exposure.
: Our objectives were to (1) determine the pharmacokinetic indices of vancomycin in pediatric patients; and (2) compare attainment of 2 target exposures: area under curve (AUC) / minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥400 and trough concentration ≥15 mcg/mL. ⋯ : Targeted exposure using vancomycin AUC/MIC, compared with trough concentrations, is a more realistic target in children. Depending on age, serum creatinine and MIC distribution, vancomycin in a dosage of 60 to 70 mg/kg/day was necessary to achieve AUC/MIC ≥ 400 in 75% of patients.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Apr 2013
Epidemiology of a mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated island population and use of a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine for outbreak control--Guam 2009 to 2010.
Despite high 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage, a large mumps outbreak occurred on the US Territory of Guam during 2009 to 2010, primarily in school-aged children. ⋯ This mumps outbreak occurred in a highly vaccinated population. The highest ARs occurred in ethnic minority populations with the highest household crowding indices. After the third dose MMR intervention in highly affected schools, 3-dose recipients had an AR 60% lower than students with ≤2 doses, but the difference was not statistically significant and the intervention occurred after the outbreak peaked. This outbreak may have persisted due to crowding at home and high student contact rates.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Mar 2013
Comparative StudyDetecting tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected children: a study of diagnostic accuracy, confounding and interaction.
Accurate identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in young and HIV-infected children could guide delivery of preventive therapy, improve resource utilization and help prevent tuberculosis. ⋯ Our findings indicate that the TST and IGRAs perform similarly for the detection of M. tuberculosis infection in well-nourished HIV-uninfected children, but test performance is differentially affected by chronic malnutrition, HIV infection and age. Similar to TST interpretation, clinicians and researchers should interpret IGRAs in children with caution taking age, nutritional and HIV status into consideration.