The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Sep 2012
Multicenter StudyFrequency and clinical outcome of respiratory viral infections and mixed viral-bacterial infections in children with cancer, fever and neutropenia.
The role of respiratory viral infections (RVIs) as a cause of overall fever and neutropenia (FN) episodes in children with cancer has been less characterized than bacterial infections. We conducted a study aimed to determine the frequency of RVI in children with low compared with high risk for invasive bacterial infection (IBI) FN episodes and compare the clinical outcome of RVI and mixed RV-bacterial infections. ⋯ RVIs were the most frequently detected agents irrespective of their initial risk assessment for IBI. The clinical outcome of mixed RVI was similar to sole RVI episodes as well as for bacterial infections compared with mixed viral-bacterial infections. Systematic and early detection of RVI in children with cancer and FN might help to optimize their management by reducing hospitalization and antimicrobial use.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Sep 2012
Serial T-SPOT.TB and quantiFERON-TB-Gold In-Tube assays to monitor response to antitubercular treatment in Italian children with active or latent tuberculosis infection.
We performed a prospective study to investigate T-SPOT. TB and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-G-IT) dynamics during antitubercular treatment in active tuberculosis (TB) or latent TB. Eighteen children with latent TB and 26 with TB were enrolled. ⋯ TB (P=0.921) in TB cases. Significant decline in quantitative response was observed exclusively in TB cases. Our results suggest that serial IGRA have limited use in children receiving antitubercular treatment.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Sep 2012
Virus load kinetics and resistance development during oseltamivir treatment in infants and children infected with Influenza A(H1N1) 2009 and Influenza B viruses.
Infants and small children are the most effective transmitters of influenza, while bearing a high risk of hospitalization and adverse disease outcomes. This study aims to investigate virus load kinetics and resistance development during oseltamivir therapy in infants and children infected with influenza A(H1N1) 2009 and influenza B viruses. ⋯ Our data indicate that influenza subtyping in combination with baseline viral load measurements might help to optimize the duration of antiviral therapy in the individual child. Lower than expected virologic response rates in patients without malabsorption or compliance issues may suggest resistance development.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Aug 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyRandomized, multicenter trial of a single dose of AS03-adjuvanted or unadjuvanted H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine in children 6 months to <9 years of age: safety and immunogenicity.
During the 2009-2010 influenza pandemic, we evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of different H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza vaccines delivering various viral hemagglutinin (HA) doses with or without AS03 (a tocopherol oil-in-water emulsion-based adjuvant system) in children (NCT00976820). ⋯ AS03-adjuvanted H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine (3.75 µg or 1.9 µg HA), administered as 2 doses, was highly immunogenic, induced long-term immune response to 6 months, with a clinically acceptable safety profile in children aged 6 months to <9 years of age.