Human psychopharmacology
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Human psychopharmacology · Jan 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyEfficacy of iloperidone in the short-term treatment of schizophrenia: a post hoc analysis of pooled patient data from four phase III, placebo- and active-controlled trials.
The efficacy and tolerability characteristics of an antipsychotic are difficult to determine from a single registration study. We thus conducted an analysis that assessed key efficacy and tolerability outcomes post hoc from four pooled short-term (4-6 weeks) phase III studies that evaluated iloperidone versus placebo in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. ⋯ Consistent with product labeling, iloperidone 10-16 mg/day or 20-24 mg/day demonstrated significant improvement over placebo on BPRSd and PANSS-T scores, as well as on PANSS-P and PANSS-N subscale scores over 6 weeks of treatment in patients with schizophrenia and in the ITT population, which includes patients with schizoaffective disorder. Iloperidone did not differ from placebo in terms of extrapyramidal disorders and akathisia.
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Human psychopharmacology · Aug 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyImpact of treatment approach on maternal and neonatal outcome in pregnant opioid-maintained women.
The objective of this study is to compare maternal and neonatal outcome of opioid-dependent women maintained on buprenorphine or methadone throughout pregnancy in a randomized double-blind double-dummy clinical trial (CT) with a comparison group undergoing a structured standard protocol (SP) at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. ⋯ Comparably favorable outcome for mothers and infants and efficacy and safety of opioid medications were shown in both treatment approaches. Neonatal care could benefit from transferring successful CT procedures into clinical practice.
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Human psychopharmacology · Apr 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to evaluate the subjective abuse potential and cognitive effects of nabiximols oromucosal spray in subjects with a history of recreational cannabis use.
This study aimed to evaluate the abuse potential and cognitive effects of nabiximols (Sativex, GW Pharma Ltd. Salisbury, UK), an oromucosal spray primarily containing delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). ⋯ Both dronabinol and nabiximols had significant abuse potential compared with placebo at higher doses. Nabiximols showed similar or slightly less abuse potential compared with dronabinol. Therefore, the abuse potential of nabiximols should be no higher than that of dronabinol.
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Human psychopharmacology · Jan 2011
Review Comparative Study Clinical TrialAn open, large, 6-month naturalistic study of outcome in schizophrenic outpatients, treated with olanzapine.
In many countries of the industrialised world second generation ("atypical") antipsychotics have become the first line drug treatment for people with schizophrenia. The question as to whether, and if so how much, the effects of the various second generation antipsychotics differ is a matter of debate. In this review we examined how the efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine differs from that of other second generation antipsychotics. ⋯ Olanzapine may be a somewhat more efficacious drug than some other second generation antipsychotic drugs. This small superiority in efficacy needs to be weighed against a larger weight gain and associated metabolic problems than most other second generation antipsychotic drugs, except clozapine. These conclusions are tentative due to the large number of people leaving the studies early which possibly limits the validity of the findings. Further large, well-designed trials are necessary to establish the relative effects of different second generation antipsychotic drugs.
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Human psychopharmacology · Jan 2011
Multicenter StudyGeriatric drug utilisation of psychotropics in Belgian nursing homes.
To determine the prevalence of psychotropic drug use in Belgian nursing homes, in relation to residents' and institutional characteristics. ⋯ As in other European countries, the prevalence of psychotropic utilisation in Belgian nursing homes is exceedingly high, with excessive duplicate use. Guidelines, education and clinical practice recommendations focusing on initiation, reassessment and withdrawal of psychotropic therapy, are needed.