Human psychopharmacology
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Human psychopharmacology · Jun 2010
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyRisperidone versus olanzapine for the treatment of delirium.
This study compared the effectiveness of risperidone and olanzapine in the treatment of delirium. ⋯ Risperidone and olanzapine were equally effective in reducing delirium symptoms. The response to risperidone was poorer in the older age group.
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Human psychopharmacology · Mar 2010
Randomized Controlled TrialAripiprazole as adjunct to a mood stabilizer and citalopram in bipolar depression: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study.
The use of atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) for the treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression has been more and more frequently evaluated, and aripiprazole showed positive effects in the treatment of unipolar depression. However, no placebo-controlled studies of adjunctive aripiprazole for the treatment of bipolar depression have been performed yet. ⋯ Derived from this small pilot study, adjunctive aripiprazole does not seem to be a promising strategy for the acute treatment of bipolar depression. However, this lack of additional benefit seems to stem from the already good effectiveness of the control group, namely the treatment with citalopram.
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Human psychopharmacology · Mar 2010
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialAssociation of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism with both baseline HRQOL scores and improvement in HRQOL scores in Chinese major depressive patients treated with fluoxetine.
To explore the association of brain-derived neurotrophic-factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism with both baseline health related quality of life (HRQOL) scores and improvement in HRQOL scores in Chinese major depressive patients treated with fluoxetine. ⋯ These results indicate that there may be association between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and both baseline HRQOL (SF) scores and improvement in HRQOL (SF, MCS) scores in Chinese major depressive patients treated with fluoxetine.
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Human psychopharmacology · Jan 2010
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffect of metabolic blockade on the psychoactive effects of dextromethorphan.
Variation in the activity of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) affects the pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of dextromethorphan (DM), because it controls the production of dextrorphan, an active metabolite, with higher affinity for the NMDA receptor than the parent compound. This study examined whether pharmacological inhibition of CYP2D6 activity with quinidine would mimic the genetic mutation and thus also alter the psychoactive effects of DM. ⋯ Compared to DM alone, quinidine pre-treatment inhibited DM metabolism and changed its subjective effects, demonstrating that the psychoactive properties of DM are a function of drug metabolism. These results demonstrate the relationship between CYP2D6 activity, plasma drug levels, and psychoactive drug effects, and have implications for both the abuse liability and therapeutic utility of DM.
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Human psychopharmacology · Jan 2010
Breath carbon monoxide and semiquantitative saliva cotinine as biomarkers for smoking.
As a biomarker of smoking, semiquantitative analysis of cotinine (NicAlert) offers several advantages over breath carbon monoxide (CO) and quantitative analysis of cotinine. Recent studies have used urine NicAlert and breath CO in combination to verify abstinence. However, no studies have evaluated the performance of saliva NicAlert against or in combination with breath CO. ⋯ Saliva NicAlert had high sensitivity and specificity in identifying daily smokers. Compared to saliva NicAlert, breath CO level was more indicative of recent smoking. Future treatment studies should evaluate the performance of saliva NicAlert as an alternative to the urine test.