The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation
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J Head Trauma Rehabil · Jul 2010
Review Meta AnalysisCan low serum levels of S100B predict normal CT findings after minor head injury in adults?: an evidence-based review and meta-analysis.
To determine whether low levels of S100B in serum can predict normal computed tomography (CT) findings after minor head injury (MHI) in adults. ⋯ Low serum S100B levels accurately predict normal CT findings after MHI in adults. S100B sampling should be considered in MHI patients with no focal neurological deficit, an absence of significant extracerebral injury, should be taken within 3 hours of injury, and the cutoff for omitting CT set at less than 0.10 microg/L. Care givers should also be aware of other clinical factors predictive of intracranial complications after MHI.
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J Head Trauma Rehabil · Jul 2010
ReviewThe role of advanced MR imaging findings as biomarkers of traumatic brain injury.
Treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) requires proper classification of the pathophysiology. Clinical classifiers and conventional neuroimaging are limited in TBI detection, outcome prediction, and treatment guidance. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques such as susceptibility weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging are sensitive to microhemorrhages, white matter injury, and abnormal metabolic activities, respectively, in brain injury. ⋯ These MRI techniques have already demonstrated their potential to improve TBI detection and outcome prediction. As such, they have demonstrated the capacity of serving as a set of biomarkers to reveal the heterogeneous and complex nature of brain injury in a regional and temporal manner. Further longitudinal studies using advanced MRI in a synergistic approach are expected to provide insight in understanding TBI and imaging implications for treatment.
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J Head Trauma Rehabil · Jul 2010
ReviewFunctional magnetic resonance imaging of mild traumatic brain injury.
Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is a serious health problem that has been difficult to study because of the relative insensitivity of established anatomical imaging techniques for detecting the associated neural damage and dysfunction. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers potential for understanding the neural and functional basis of MTBI and the relationship to behavioral and somatic symptoms. This article reviews the recent fMRI literature relevant to the study of MTBI. The pathophysiology of MTBI and the neural basis of the blood oxygen level-dependent fMRI response are also considered with particular focus on important issues for using fMRI to investigate MTBI.