American journal of preventive medicine
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We identified immersion injuries of New Jersey residents from mortality and hospital discharge data. The incidence rate was 2.3 immersion injuries (1.3 fatal and 1.0 nonfatal) per 100,000 population per year. Incidence rates were elevated among young children, men, blacks, and residents of counties in the southern part of the state. Case fatality ratios increased with age and were higher for men than for women from 10 to 50 years of age.
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The role of cesarean section in improving infant survival has not been clearly documented. We calculated birthweight- and race-specific infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality risks by method of delivery for single- and multiple-delivery infants, using data from 14 states, reported to the Centers for Disease Control through the 1980 National Infant Mortality Surveillance project. For single-delivery infants, the risk of death for infants delivered by cesarean section was 1.6 times higher than for infants delivered vaginally among blacks and 1.2 times higher among whites. ⋯ This analysis demonstrates that, unlike other birthweight categories, infants with a very low birthweight may have better outcomes if delivered by cesarean section. However, we cannot recommend the routine use of cesarean section for delivering very low birthweight infants. Further studies are needed to determine survival of such infants after controlling for maternal and infant conditions that prompted delivery by cesarean section.