American journal of preventive medicine
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The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of roll-over protection structures (ROPS) as an engineering control for prevention of fatalities from farm tractor roll-overs. ⋯ Future research efforts should include the development of collapsible and telescoping ROPS that can be used in low clearance areas such as dairy barns and fruit orchards. ROPS retrofits also need to be developed for many older tractor models. Effective educational and incentive programs need to be developed to increase the acceptance and use of ROPS among U.S. farmers. A national policy should be implemented to ensure that all tractors operated in the United States are equipped with ROPS or crush-proof cabs.
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Comparative Study
Massachusetts' advertising against light cigarettes appears to change beliefs and behavior.
This study examined the effects of advertising directed against light cigarettes (lights). ⋯ Amidst extensive anti-smoking efforts, the MASS campaign to counter-market light cigarettes appears to promote smoking cessation and to inform smokers of the risks of light cigarettes. Further counter-marketing efforts should be encouraged.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Effects of a short-term health promotion intervention for a predominantly African-American group of stroke survivors.
The study examined the effects of a 12-week health promotion intervention for a predominantly urban African-American population of stroke survivors. ⋯ A short-term health promotion intervention for predominantly African-American stroke survivors was effective in improving several physiological and psychological health outcomes.
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To summarize the literature on farm child nonfatal injury incidence and the subsequent disability to children. ⋯ Despite increasing attention on farm-related child injury, the literature continues to report primarily descriptive studies that rely on small samples focusing on the nature of the injury event and immediate consequences. Analysis of larger databases, such as worker compensation claims, trauma registries, and agricultural injury surveillance, still lacks valid denominators; thus, incidence rates cannot be calculated. Very little was found regarding disability among children who experienced agricultural injury, even though the literature clearly proclaims the severity and seriousness of child injury on farms. To complete the portrait of the burden of this continuing problem, research must include functional outcome measures.
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Functional health literacy is associated with illness-related knowledge, understanding, and treatment perceptions for several chronic illnesses. This study examined health literacy in relation to knowledge and understanding of HIV/AIDS. ⋯ Poor health literacy creates barriers to fully understanding one's health, illness, and treatments. Misperceptions of treatment in the case of HIV infection creates danger for potentially transmitting treatment-resistant strains of HIV. These results have implications for patient education and treatment programming for people who have poor health-literacy skills and are living with HIV/AIDS.