American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of smoking scenes in films on immediate smoking: a randomized controlled study.
The National Cancer Institute has concluded that exposure to smoking in movies causes adolescent smoking and there are similar results for young adults. ⋯ There is a direct link between viewing smoking scenes and immediate subsequent smoking behavior. This finding suggests that individuals attempting to limit or quit smoking should be advised to refrain from or reduce their exposure to movies that contain smoking.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Promoting primary care smoking-cessation support with quitlines: the QuitLink Randomized Controlled Trial.
Counseling by clinicians promotes smoking cessation, but in most U.S. primary care practices, it is difficult to provide more than brief advice to quit in the course of routine work. Telephone quitlines can deliver effective intensive counseling, but few collaborate closely with clinicians. ⋯ NCT00112268.
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Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) often use emergency department services to obtain medical care. Limited information is available about emergency department use among patients with SCD. ⋯ Substantial numbers of emergency department visits occur among people with SCD. The most common reason for the emergency department visits is pain symptoms. The findings of this study can help to improve health services delivery and utilization among patients with SCD.
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Diabetes can be prevented or delayed in high-risk adults through lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, moderate-intensity exercise, and modest weight loss. However, the extent to which U.S. adults with prediabetes are making lifestyle changes consistent with reducing risk is unknown. ⋯ Adoption of risk reduction behaviors among U.S. adults with prediabetes is suboptimal. Efforts to improve awareness of prediabetes, increase promotion of healthy behaviors, and improve availability of evidence-based lifestyle programs are needed to slow the growth in new cases of diabetes.
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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common monogenetic diseases worldwide. Although there have been some advances in the management of SCD in high-income countries, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms underlying the wide phenotypic diversity of the disease. In low-income countries, basic facilities for management are lacking, systematic screening is not common practice, and diagnosis is made late. ⋯ During a session on capacity building, small study groups consisting of participants from low-, middle-, and high-income countries discussed collaborations for the identification, clinical care, and study of SCD patients in low-income countries. There was agreement to establish the Global Sickle Cell Disease Network to foster a global community to advance the clinical care and study of patients with SCD. The next meeting of the network will take place in Accra, Ghana, on July 20-23, 2010.