American journal of preventive medicine
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The year 2014 marked the 50th Anniversary of the first Surgeon General's Report. This paper estimates the effect of tobacco control policies in the U.S. after the 1964 Report using the SimSmoke tobacco control simulation model. ⋯ By 2014, SimSmoke predicts a 53% reduction in smoking rates and almost 2 million SADs averted due to polices implemented since the 1964 Surgeon General's Report, with most of the health benefit still to occur in future years.
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Physical activity (PA) prevalence among U.S. Latino/Hispanic adults of diverse backgrounds is not well known. This study describes PA among a representative sample of U.S. Latino/Hispanic adults. ⋯ Among Hispanics/Latinos, self-reported data provided information on the type of PA and helped explain variability identified from accelerometer-assessed PA. These findings highlight variability in PA among Hispanics from diverse ethnic backgrounds.
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Racial and ethnic minorities experience greater burden of unintended pregnancy in the U.S. This study examined the factors associated with racial and ethnic disparities in unintended pregnancy among women in the U.S. using the social ecological model. ⋯ Given that the results showed factors at different levels of the social ecological model contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in unintended pregnancy, interventions that aim to reduce these disparities should target at-risk groups of women such as younger, unmarried, lower-income, less-educated, non-U.S. born women and uninsured or publicly insured women.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Improving Suicide Risk Screening and Detection in the Emergency Department.
The Emergency Department Safety Assessment and Follow-up Evaluation Screening Outcome Evaluation examined whether universal suicide risk screening is feasible and effective at improving suicide risk detection in the emergency department (ED). ⋯ Universal suicide risk screening in the ED was feasible and led to a nearly twofold increase in risk detection. If these findings remain true when scaled, the public health impact could be tremendous, because identification of risk is the first and necessary step for preventing suicide.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Telephone Smoking-Cessation Counseling for Smokers in Mental Health Clinics: A Patient-Randomized Controlled Trial.
People with a mental health diagnosis have high rates of tobacco use and encounter limited availability of tobacco treatment targeted to their needs. This study compared the effectiveness of a specialized telephone smoking-cessation intervention developed for mental health patients with standard state quit-line counseling. ⋯ The specialized counseling intervention was more effective at helping patients quit than transfer to a state quit-line. Patients were more satisfied with the specialized counseling program.